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Galen NU 131 Exam 2 2026/2027 | Nursing and Healthcare I | Complete Study Guide with Q&A | Ethics, Law, NPA, HIPAA, Family Structures & Lifespan Development | Verified Answers with Rationales | Grade A+ | Downloadable PDF

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD—This comprehensive study guide is specifically designed for Galen College of Nursing students preparing for NU 131 Nursing and Healthcare I Exam 2 for the 2026/2027 academic year. Based on verified exam materials from top-selling student resources , this resource contains expertly verified practice questions and 100% correct answers with detailed rationales to help you master core foundational nursing concepts and achieve a top score (Grade A+). This comprehensive guide covers all major topics tested on NU 131 Exam 2 : Legal Foundations & Nurse Practice Act : The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is based on state legislation that regulates nursing practice, aimed at protecting the public and establishing State Boards of Nursing . It defines the practice of professional nursing, sets minimal educational qualifications and licensure requirements, establishes legal titles, and provides for disciplinary action . Common disciplinary actions include fraud and deceit, criminal activity, negligence, violation of the NPA, incompetence, unethical conduct, and alcohol/other drug abuse . Statutory law is passed by legislatures; common law is based on precedent and customs . A misdemeanor is a less serious crime (fine or jail 1 year); a felony is a serious crime (imprisonment 1 year, can result in license loss) . Informed consent requires an adult to be informed of all risks before agreeing to a procedure . Ethical Principles & Responsibilities : Autonomy —free to choose; beneficence —doing good; nonmaleficence —do no harm; justice —fairness to all; fidelity —be true (HIPAA, duty to follow patient wishes) . Patient advocacy requires communication to build trust; accountability means being answerable to yourself, patient, physician, and healthcare team; peer reporting is the duty to report unsafe peer behavior . HIPAA & Confidentiality : HIPAA provides Protection of Privacy, Administrative Simplification, and Security Standards for patient health information . Family Structures & Dynamics : Permissive/laissez-faire offers complete freedom; authoritative/democratic offers choices and encourages participation; authoritarian/autocratic has parents making all decisions; blended/reconstituted families involve partners bringing children from previous marriages; single-parent families have one adult with children; foster/adoptive families take temporary responsibility for raising a child; communal families share common philosophy and resources . Erikson's Psychosocial Stages : Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-18 months) —develop trust; Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (18 months-3 years) —develop independence; Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) —develop purpose; Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years) —develop competence; Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20 years) —develop sense of self; Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-30 years) —form lasting relationships; Generativity vs. Stagnation (30-65 years) —achieve life goals; Ego Integrity vs. Despair (65-death) —review life with meaning . Piaget's Cognitive Stages : Sensorimotor (0-2 years) —exploration through motor skills; Preoperational (2-6 years) —language development, egocentrism; Concrete Operational (6-12 years) —logical thinking, classification; Formal Operational (12-15 years) —abstract thought, scientific reasoning . Infant Development : Newborn reflexes include Moro (startle), rooting (turn toward cheek touch), sucking, grasp, tonic neck, Babinski (toes fan). Fontanels —anterior closes 12-18 months, posterior closes 2 months. Infant vital signs : temp 97.7-99.5°F, pulse 120-160, respirations 30-60 . Gross motor milestones : head control at 2-4 months, rolling at 4 months, sitting at 7 months, crawling at 9-11 months, walking at 12-15 months . Meconium is the first greenish-black, tarry, odorless bowel movement . Toddler Development : Growth averages 3 inches/year in height, 4-6 lbs/year in weight. Deciduous teeth (20 teeth) erupt. Ossification replaces cartilage with bone. Amblyopia (lazy eye) and strabismus (crossing eyes) require early detection. Eustachian tube is shorter and wider, increasing ear infection risk. Gross motor : walks alone at 15 months, runs at 2 years, hops at 3 years . Preschool & School-Age Development : Depth perception fully develops by age 5. Vital signs: pulse 90-100, respirations 22-25 . Erikson's stages: Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool), Industry vs. Inferiority (school-age) . Common accidents for toddlers include choking and drowning . Sample Questions Include : "What is the primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act?" → To protect the public (ensures public safety, not primarily to benefit nurses or hospitals) "Which ethical principle requires doing no harm?" → Nonmaleficence (using basic safety principles to prevent harm) "What does HIPAA protect?" → Patient privacy and confidentiality (Protection of Privacy, Administrative Simplification, Security Standards) "What is the correct order of Erikson's stages for early childhood?" → Trust vs. Mistrust → Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt → Initiative vs. Guilt "At what age does an infant typically begin walking independently?" → 12-15 months (gross motor milestone) "What is the first bowel movement of a newborn called?" → Meconium (greenish-black, tarry, odorless) "Which reflex causes an infant to turn toward a cheek that is gently stroked?" → Rooting reflex (prepares for feeding) "What is the normal pulse range for an infant?" → 120-160 beats per minute All questions include complete rationales based on current evidence-based practice, nursing fundamentals standards, and Galen College curriculum requirements . DOCUMENT ACCESS: This study guide is available as an instant digital download (PDF) immediately upon purchase. Fully text-searchable, printable, and accessible anytime through your user account. 100% satisfaction guarantee. Trusted by thousands of Galen nursing students for NU 131 exam preparation and mastering foundational nursing competencies .

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NU 131 Exam 2 2026/2027 Nursing and Healthcare I

Actual Exam Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales

Study Guide Grade A


1. A nurse is participating in an interdisciplinary team conference. Which outcomes

are benefits of collaborating in healthcare? Select all that apply.

A. Prevent fragmented care

B. Use critical thinking to anticipate issues

C. Solve problems collaboratively

D. Keep care client centered

E. Increase the length of hospital stays

Correct Answer: A, B, C, D

Rationale: Collaboration in healthcare prevents fragmented care, uses critical thinking

to anticipate issues, solves problems collaboratively, and keeps care client centered.

Increasing hospital stays (E) is not a benefit of collaboration; effective collaboration

typically promotes efficient, timely discharge.

,2|Page


2. A nurse manager is reviewing the roles of the nursing team. Which member

functions as the leader of the nursing team and can supervise LPNs/LVNs?

A. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)

B. Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)

C. Registered Nurse (RN)

D. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP)

Correct Answer: C. Registered Nurse (RN)

Rationale: The RN functions as the leader of the nursing team and can supervise

LPNs/LVNs. The RN plans patient care, coordinates activities, and provides specialized

care requiring advanced knowledge and judgment.



3. A licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) is working in a long-term care

facility. Under which circumstances can an LPN/LVN serve as charge nurse?

A. In an acute care hospital setting

B. In a long-term care facility under an expanded role

C. When supervising RNs

D. Never; LPNs cannot serve as charge nurses

Correct Answer: B. In a long-term care facility under an expanded role

,3|Page


Rationale: LPNs/LVNs can serve as charge nurses under an expanded role, particularly in

long-term care facilities. This is permitted based on the facility's policies and the nurse's

demonstrated competence.



4. A nursing student is preparing to provide patient care under supervision. To what

standard of care is the student nurse held?

A. A lower standard than LPNs since they are still learning

B. The same standard as licensed nurses

C. No standard until licensed

D. The standard determined by the clinical instructor only

Correct Answer: B. The same standard as licensed nurses

Rationale: Student nurses are held to the same standards as licensed nurses. They are

legally responsible for their actions and inactions and must perform tasks safely and

effectively under supervision.



5. A nurse is reviewing the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) of their state. What is the primary

purpose of the NPA?

A. To establish national certification requirements

B. To define nursing practice and outline what nurses are legally allowed to do

, 4|Page


C. To determine hospital staffing ratios

D. To provide continuing education requirements for all states

Correct Answer: B. To define nursing practice and outline what nurses are legally

allowed to do

Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is a state law that defines nursing practice,

outlines what nurses are legally allowed to do, protects the public by setting education

and licensing standards, and is enforced by the State Board of Nursing.



6. A nurse is collaborating with a physician, pharmacist, and physical therapist to

develop a patient's care plan. This type of role in which the RN collaborates with other

health professionals is best described as:

A. Independent role

B. Interdependent role

C. Dependent role

D. Autonomous role

Correct Answer: B. Interdependent role

Rationale: RNs play an interdependent role when they collaborate with other health

professionals. RNs also have an independent role in which they initiate nursing actions

without supervision.

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