PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A community nurse reviews several clients in a
rural clinic. One client says, “I feel healthy because I can
still work every day, even though I have diabetes and
hypertension.” Which interpretation best reflects a
functional view of health?
A. Health is the absence of any diagnosed disease
B. Health is the ability to perform expected social and
physical roles
C. Health is determined only by genetic factors
D. Health is identical to normal laboratory values
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Functional health emphasizes the
ability to carry out usual roles and daily activities despite illness.
A person may live with chronic disease and still perceive
themselves as healthy if functioning remains intact.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. This reflects a narrow biomedical view, not a functional one.
C. Genetics influence health, but they do not define a functional
concept of health.
D. Normal labs may support health status, but they do not
define functional ability.
Teaching Point: Health can coexist with chronic disease when
function is preserved.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A client with early heart failure says, “I am not
sick because I do not feel badly yet.” Which nursing
response best reflects the concept of disease without
illness?
A. “You cannot have disease unless you feel symptoms.”
B. “Disease may be present before symptoms are noticed.”
C. “If symptoms are absent, disease is not occurring.”
D. “Illness only occurs after hospitalization is needed.”
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Disease can exist at the biological
level before the person experiences symptoms or labels
themselves ill. This is common in early, progressive, or
compensated disorders.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Disease may be silent for a period of time.
C. Symptom absence does not rule out pathology.
D. Illness is subjective and not limited to hospitalization.
Teaching Point: Pathology may precede symptom recognition
by weeks, months, or years.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A nurse teaches that a client’s asthma flare
began after exposure to dust, but the severity of symptoms
worsened because of airway hyperreactivity. Which term
best describes the dust exposure?
A. Manifestation
B. Etiology
C. Prognosis
D. Complication
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale — Correct Answer: Etiology is the cause or origin of a
disorder. In this case, dust exposure is the triggering cause of
the flare.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Manifestations are the signs and symptoms that appear.
C. Prognosis refers to expected outcome or course.
D. Complication is an additional problem that develops after the
disease begins.
Teaching Point: Etiology identifies the cause; pathogenesis
explains how the disease develops.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
4. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A client with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
develops blurred vision, polyuria, and fatigue. The nurse
explains that the high glucose level is causing cellular and
organ dysfunction. Which term best describes this chain of
events?
A. Pathogenesis
B. Incidence
C. Remission
D. Screening
Correct Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A community nurse reviews several clients in a
rural clinic. One client says, “I feel healthy because I can
still work every day, even though I have diabetes and
hypertension.” Which interpretation best reflects a
functional view of health?
A. Health is the absence of any diagnosed disease
B. Health is the ability to perform expected social and
physical roles
C. Health is determined only by genetic factors
D. Health is identical to normal laboratory values
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Functional health emphasizes the
ability to carry out usual roles and daily activities despite illness.
A person may live with chronic disease and still perceive
themselves as healthy if functioning remains intact.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. This reflects a narrow biomedical view, not a functional one.
C. Genetics influence health, but they do not define a functional
concept of health.
D. Normal labs may support health status, but they do not
define functional ability.
Teaching Point: Health can coexist with chronic disease when
function is preserved.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A client with early heart failure says, “I am not
sick because I do not feel badly yet.” Which nursing
response best reflects the concept of disease without
illness?
A. “You cannot have disease unless you feel symptoms.”
B. “Disease may be present before symptoms are noticed.”
C. “If symptoms are absent, disease is not occurring.”
D. “Illness only occurs after hospitalization is needed.”
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Disease can exist at the biological
level before the person experiences symptoms or labels
themselves ill. This is common in early, progressive, or
compensated disorders.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Disease may be silent for a period of time.
C. Symptom absence does not rule out pathology.
D. Illness is subjective and not limited to hospitalization.
Teaching Point: Pathology may precede symptom recognition
by weeks, months, or years.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A nurse teaches that a client’s asthma flare
began after exposure to dust, but the severity of symptoms
worsened because of airway hyperreactivity. Which term
best describes the dust exposure?
A. Manifestation
B. Etiology
C. Prognosis
D. Complication
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale — Correct Answer: Etiology is the cause or origin of a
disorder. In this case, dust exposure is the triggering cause of
the flare.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Manifestations are the signs and symptoms that appear.
C. Prognosis refers to expected outcome or course.
D. Complication is an additional problem that develops after the
disease begins.
Teaching Point: Etiology identifies the cause; pathogenesis
explains how the disease develops.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
4. Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease
Question: A client with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
develops blurred vision, polyuria, and fatigue. The nurse
explains that the high glucose level is causing cellular and
organ dysfunction. Which term best describes this chain of
events?
A. Pathogenesis
B. Incidence
C. Remission
D. Screening
Correct Answer: A
