PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1) Health as dynamic adaptation
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease — Concepts
of Health
Question: A 68-year-old client has chronic heart failure but is
able to walk daily, monitor daily weights, follow a low-sodium
diet, and remain free of fluid overload symptoms. Which
statement best reflects the concept of health in this client?
A. Health means the complete absence of disease
B. Health is the ability to maintain dynamic balance despite
chronic illness
,C. Health is defined by normal laboratory values alone
D. Health is possible only when a person is cured
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Health is not simply the absence
of disease. In pathophysiology, health is often understood as a
dynamic state of equilibrium in which the person adapts
successfully to internal and external demands. This client
demonstrates effective adaptation and functional stability
despite chronic disease.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
A. Disease can be present while a person remains functionally
well. This option reflects an outdated absolute view of health.
C. Laboratory values are only one part of health assessment.
Functional status and adaptation are equally important.
D. Many chronic conditions are managed rather than cured, yet
clients can still experience health.
Teaching Point: Health is dynamic adaptation, not merely the
absence of disease.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Subclinical disease
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease — Disease
Development
Question: A client has a rising fasting glucose level and
,increasing insulin resistance, but reports no symptoms. Which
term best describes this stage of disease?
A. Remission
B. Subclinical phase
C. Terminal phase
D. Convalescent stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: The subclinical phase is present
when disease processes are active but symptoms have not yet
appeared. Pathologic changes are occurring, but the client may
appear well. This stage is important because early detection can
limit progression.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
A. Remission means disease activity has decreased or
temporarily resolved. That does not fit a progressing silent
disorder.
C. Terminal phase refers to advanced, end-stage disease with
severe dysfunction.
D. Convalescent stage refers to recovery after an acute illness,
not silent progression.
Teaching Point: Subclinical disease can progress before
symptoms become obvious.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
, 3) Primary prevention
Reference: Ch. 1 — Health and Disease in Populations —
Prevention Levels
Question: A community nurse teaches middle-school students
about hand hygiene, vaccination, and healthy sleep habits to
reduce future illness. Which level of prevention is being used?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Palliative prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer: Primary prevention aims to stop
disease before it begins by reducing exposure and improving
resistance. Health teaching, immunization, and lifestyle
promotion all fit this level. The goal is to reduce incidence in the
population.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
B. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt
treatment after disease has begun.
C. Tertiary prevention reduces complications and disability after
disease is established.
D. Palliative care relieves symptoms but is not the same as
prevention.
Teaching Point: Primary prevention prevents disease onset
before pathologic change occurs.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TOMMIE L. NORRIS
TEST BANK
1) Health as dynamic adaptation
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease — Concepts
of Health
Question: A 68-year-old client has chronic heart failure but is
able to walk daily, monitor daily weights, follow a low-sodium
diet, and remain free of fluid overload symptoms. Which
statement best reflects the concept of health in this client?
A. Health means the complete absence of disease
B. Health is the ability to maintain dynamic balance despite
chronic illness
,C. Health is defined by normal laboratory values alone
D. Health is possible only when a person is cured
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: Health is not simply the absence
of disease. In pathophysiology, health is often understood as a
dynamic state of equilibrium in which the person adapts
successfully to internal and external demands. This client
demonstrates effective adaptation and functional stability
despite chronic disease.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
A. Disease can be present while a person remains functionally
well. This option reflects an outdated absolute view of health.
C. Laboratory values are only one part of health assessment.
Functional status and adaptation are equally important.
D. Many chronic conditions are managed rather than cured, yet
clients can still experience health.
Teaching Point: Health is dynamic adaptation, not merely the
absence of disease.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Subclinical disease
Reference: Ch. 1 — Concepts of Health and Disease — Disease
Development
Question: A client has a rising fasting glucose level and
,increasing insulin resistance, but reports no symptoms. Which
term best describes this stage of disease?
A. Remission
B. Subclinical phase
C. Terminal phase
D. Convalescent stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer: The subclinical phase is present
when disease processes are active but symptoms have not yet
appeared. Pathologic changes are occurring, but the client may
appear well. This stage is important because early detection can
limit progression.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
A. Remission means disease activity has decreased or
temporarily resolved. That does not fit a progressing silent
disorder.
C. Terminal phase refers to advanced, end-stage disease with
severe dysfunction.
D. Convalescent stage refers to recovery after an acute illness,
not silent progression.
Teaching Point: Subclinical disease can progress before
symptoms become obvious.
Citation: Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of
Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
, 3) Primary prevention
Reference: Ch. 1 — Health and Disease in Populations —
Prevention Levels
Question: A community nurse teaches middle-school students
about hand hygiene, vaccination, and healthy sleep habits to
reduce future illness. Which level of prevention is being used?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Palliative prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer: Primary prevention aims to stop
disease before it begins by reducing exposure and improving
resistance. Health teaching, immunization, and lifestyle
promotion all fit this level. The goal is to reduce incidence in the
population.
Rationales — Incorrect Options:
B. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt
treatment after disease has begun.
C. Tertiary prevention reduces complications and disability after
disease is established.
D. Palliative care relieves symptoms but is not the same as
prevention.
Teaching Point: Primary prevention prevents disease onset
before pathologic change occurs.
