BIOS242 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ arrangements. Answer: diplo: pairs
staphylo: clusters
strepto: chains
◉ motility. Answer: ability to move via flagella
usually all of them have flagella but not all
some have full movement but some just shake
◉ Brownian motion. Answer: where all the bacteria move in one
direction and can't change directions themselves
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: either moving toward food or away from
chemicals
,◉ Staining. Answer: simple stains
special stains: capsule stains
differential stains: gram stains
Gram postive: purple
gram Negative: pink/red
◉ Areobic. Answer: requires O2 for growth
◉ anareobic. Answer: don't require O2 for growth
◉ Faculatitive. Answer: the live with or without O2 but prefer O2
◉ Microaerophilic. Answer: they prefer less O2 than the level of O2
in the atmospheric
◉ Inclusions. Answer: - Usually for storage
- Metachromatic Granules: phosphate reserve
- Lipid Inclusions: energy reserves
Sulfur Granules: energy reserves
, ◉ Pilus (pili). Answer: - Sex pili are used for conjugation in certain
species
Conjugation: the process of using the poli as a bridge to move the
DNA between two cells
◉ Fimbriae. Answer: - Hairlike appendages that allow for
attachment
Not like flagella
◉ Glycocalyx. Answer: - External to the cell wall
- Viscous and gelantinous
- Made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptide
- Two Types:
- Capsule: very well organized and firm, also prevent phagocytosis
- Slime Layer: loose and not organized at all
Helps form biofilms
◉ Flagella. Answer: - Appendages external of the cell
- Propel the bacteria
- Made of 3 parts:
WITH LAB EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ arrangements. Answer: diplo: pairs
staphylo: clusters
strepto: chains
◉ motility. Answer: ability to move via flagella
usually all of them have flagella but not all
some have full movement but some just shake
◉ Brownian motion. Answer: where all the bacteria move in one
direction and can't change directions themselves
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: either moving toward food or away from
chemicals
,◉ Staining. Answer: simple stains
special stains: capsule stains
differential stains: gram stains
Gram postive: purple
gram Negative: pink/red
◉ Areobic. Answer: requires O2 for growth
◉ anareobic. Answer: don't require O2 for growth
◉ Faculatitive. Answer: the live with or without O2 but prefer O2
◉ Microaerophilic. Answer: they prefer less O2 than the level of O2
in the atmospheric
◉ Inclusions. Answer: - Usually for storage
- Metachromatic Granules: phosphate reserve
- Lipid Inclusions: energy reserves
Sulfur Granules: energy reserves
, ◉ Pilus (pili). Answer: - Sex pili are used for conjugation in certain
species
Conjugation: the process of using the poli as a bridge to move the
DNA between two cells
◉ Fimbriae. Answer: - Hairlike appendages that allow for
attachment
Not like flagella
◉ Glycocalyx. Answer: - External to the cell wall
- Viscous and gelantinous
- Made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptide
- Two Types:
- Capsule: very well organized and firm, also prevent phagocytosis
- Slime Layer: loose and not organized at all
Helps form biofilms
◉ Flagella. Answer: - Appendages external of the cell
- Propel the bacteria
- Made of 3 parts:
