Nursing Foundations: Key Concepts
for Unit 1 Exam Questions Answered
Correctly (Qs) 2026 update
What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)? - CORRECT ANSWERS NPAs are laws that regulate
nursing practice within each state and territory of the United States.
Why do we have Nurse Practice Acts? - CORRECT ANSWERS NPAs exist to protect clients
receiving care and provide a legal framework for safe nursing practice.
Who grants nursing licensure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The state Board of Nursing (BON)
grants licensure.
What are Standards of Practice? - CORRECT ANSWERS Standards of Practice are specific
expectations for professional nursing behavior established by the American Nurses Association (ANA).
What is the difference between subjective and objective assessment data? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Subjective data is what the patient reports; objective data consists of measurable findings.
What is ADPIE? - CORRECT ANSWERS ADPIE is the 5-step nursing process: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
What does each step of the nursing process involve? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assessment:
Gather data; Diagnosis: Write nursing diagnosis; Planning: Set goals; Implementation: Execute plan;
Evaluation: Assess outcomes.
What are the four major metaparadigm concepts in Roy's model? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
, What are Roy's four Adaptive Modes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Physiologic Mode, Self-Concept
Mode, Role Function Mode, Interdependence Mode.
What are focal, contextual, and residual stimuli? - CORRECT ANSWERS Focal stimuli are
immediate causes; contextual stimuli are other contributing factors; residual stimuli are unclear
environmental factors.
What are the Regulator and Cognator subsystems? - CORRECT ANSWERS Regulator
processes stimuli for physiological responses; Cognator uses perception and emotion for adaptation.
How is the nursing process applied using Roy's model? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assess
behavior, assess stimuli, write nursing diagnosis, set goals, write interventions, evaluate outcomes.
What is health promotion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Health promotion is enhancing people's
influence over and improvement of their health.
What are modifiable vs. nonmodifiable risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS Modifiable factors
can be changed; nonmodifiable factors cannot be changed.
What are the three levels of prevention? - CORRECT ANSWERS Primary prevention: Before
health effects occur; Secondary prevention: Detection and treatment; Tertiary prevention: Managing
existing conditions.
What are the Social Determinants of Health? - CORRECT ANSWERS Factors in the
environment affecting health outcomes, including neighborhood, social context, economic stability, and
education.
What nursing interventions support health promotion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Examine risk
factors to identify modifications; help clients recognize benefits and overcome barriers; use behavior
change strategies; identify readiness for health information; promote adequate sleep and rest,
for Unit 1 Exam Questions Answered
Correctly (Qs) 2026 update
What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)? - CORRECT ANSWERS NPAs are laws that regulate
nursing practice within each state and territory of the United States.
Why do we have Nurse Practice Acts? - CORRECT ANSWERS NPAs exist to protect clients
receiving care and provide a legal framework for safe nursing practice.
Who grants nursing licensure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The state Board of Nursing (BON)
grants licensure.
What are Standards of Practice? - CORRECT ANSWERS Standards of Practice are specific
expectations for professional nursing behavior established by the American Nurses Association (ANA).
What is the difference between subjective and objective assessment data? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Subjective data is what the patient reports; objective data consists of measurable findings.
What is ADPIE? - CORRECT ANSWERS ADPIE is the 5-step nursing process: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
What does each step of the nursing process involve? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assessment:
Gather data; Diagnosis: Write nursing diagnosis; Planning: Set goals; Implementation: Execute plan;
Evaluation: Assess outcomes.
What are the four major metaparadigm concepts in Roy's model? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
, What are Roy's four Adaptive Modes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Physiologic Mode, Self-Concept
Mode, Role Function Mode, Interdependence Mode.
What are focal, contextual, and residual stimuli? - CORRECT ANSWERS Focal stimuli are
immediate causes; contextual stimuli are other contributing factors; residual stimuli are unclear
environmental factors.
What are the Regulator and Cognator subsystems? - CORRECT ANSWERS Regulator
processes stimuli for physiological responses; Cognator uses perception and emotion for adaptation.
How is the nursing process applied using Roy's model? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assess
behavior, assess stimuli, write nursing diagnosis, set goals, write interventions, evaluate outcomes.
What is health promotion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Health promotion is enhancing people's
influence over and improvement of their health.
What are modifiable vs. nonmodifiable risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS Modifiable factors
can be changed; nonmodifiable factors cannot be changed.
What are the three levels of prevention? - CORRECT ANSWERS Primary prevention: Before
health effects occur; Secondary prevention: Detection and treatment; Tertiary prevention: Managing
existing conditions.
What are the Social Determinants of Health? - CORRECT ANSWERS Factors in the
environment affecting health outcomes, including neighborhood, social context, economic stability, and
education.
What nursing interventions support health promotion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Examine risk
factors to identify modifications; help clients recognize benefits and overcome barriers; use behavior
change strategies; identify readiness for health information; promote adequate sleep and rest,
