Clin Nurse Leader Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
GapMAnalysisM-
MAnswerMComparesMACTUALMperformanceMwithMPOTENTIAL/desiredMperformanceM
EvaluatesMtheMstrengthsMandMweaknessesMofMtheMteamMinMrelationMtoMrequiredMoutco
mesM
AMgoodMtoolMforManalysisMtoMgainMbetterMunderstandingMofMtheMteam'sMfunctioning
3MphasesMofMknowledgeMtransferMwhenMusingMEBPM-
MAnswerM1.MKnowledgeMcreationMandMdistillationM(researchMandMrecommendationsMforM
clinicalMpractice)
2.MDiffusionMandMDisseminationM(distributeMinfoMtoMusers,MpartnerMwithMorganizationsMli
keMprofessionalMnursingMorgs)
3.MImplementationMandMInstitutionalizationM(endMuserMadoptionM-
MhealthMcareMsystemsMadoptMpractices)
ExamplesMofMrestrainingMforcesMinMLewin'sMChangeMtheoryM-
MAnswerMworkMagainstMtheMdrivingMforcesMtoMinhibitMchange
example:MwantMtoMquitMsmokingMbutMliveMwithMpeopleMwhoMsmokeMsoMhardMtoMquit
MinMthatMlivingMsituation
ExamplesMofMdrivingMforcesMforMLewin'sMchangeMtheoryM-
MAnswerMfactorsMthatMsupportMchangeMorMpushMpatientMtowardsMnecessaryMchangesM
suchMasMtheMdriveMtoMquitMsmokingMtoMbreatheMeasier
Peplau'sMTheoryMofMInterpersonalMRelationsM-
MAnswerMfocusesMonMrelationshipMbetweenMpatientMandMnurse
4Mphases:M
,1.MOrientationM-
MseeksMhelpMthroughMappts,Mtreatment,Metc.MforMRNMtoMdetermineMpatientsMneedMfor
MassistanceM
2.MIdentificationM-MhelpMidentifyMwhoMcanMhelp,MsetMgoalsMofMcareM
3.MExploitationM-MreceivesMcareMfromMrN
4.MResolutionM-McareMisMcompleted
TotalMpatientMcare.M-
MAnswerMOneMnurseMisMresponsibleMforMplanning,MorganizingMandMdeliveryMofMcareMto
Ma
particularMclientMorMgroupMofMclientsMduringMtheMassignedMshift
PrimaryMnursingM-
MAnswerMaMmethodMofMcareMinMwhichMtheMsameMRNMassignedMtoMsameMpatientMove
rMtime;MassumesM24MhourMresponsibilityMforMplanning,Mdirecting,MandMevaluating
clientMcareMfromMtheMtimeMofMadmissionMthroughMdischarge
teamMnursingM-
MAnswerMaMnursingMcareMpattern;MaMteamMofMnursingMstaffMisMledMbyManMRNMwho
MdecidesMtheMamountMandMkindMofMcareMeachMpersonMneedsM-
MeachMmemberMresponsibleMforMcertainMcaresMsuchMasMADLsMorMmeds
EachMteamMmemberMisMableMtoMcontributeMtheirMownMspecialMexpertiseMorMskillsMcari
ngMforMtheMclientM
ContinuityMofMcareMmayMsufferMifMdailyMassignmentMofMteamMvariesMandMclientMisMex
posedMto
manyMdifferentMcaregivers.
relativeMriskM-
MAnswerMusedMwhenMtheMstudyMinvolvesMcomparingMtheMlikelihood,MorMchance,MofMan
MeventMoccurringMbetweenMtwoMgroups
,ratioMofMtheMabsoluteMriskMofMaMdiseaseMamongMtheMexposedMgroupMtoMtheMabsolute
MriskMofMtheMdiseaseMamongMtheMunexposedMgroupMinManMepidemiologicMstudy
confidenceMintervalM-
MAnswerMtheMrangeMofMvaluesMwithinMwhichMaMpopulationMparameterMisMestimatedMto
MlieMbasedMonMaMrandomMsampleMofMtheMpopulation.M
TheMmostMcommonMintervalMisMtheM95%MconfidenceMinterval.MItMrepresentsMtheMrange
MthatMoneMcanMbeM95%MconfidentMthatMtheMpopulationMparameterMlies.
confoundingM-
MAnswerMdistortionMinMtheMdegreeMofMassociationMbecauseMresearcherMfailedMtoMcontr
ol,MorMeliminateMtheMconfoundingMvariable,MdamagingMtheMinternalMvalidityMofManMexp
eriment.
occursMwhenMtwoMvariablesMareMassociatedMinMsuchMaMwayMthatMtheirMeffectsMonMa
MresponseMvariableMcannotMbeMdistinguishedMfromMeachMother
internalMvalidityM-
MAnswerMextentMtoMwhichMaMpieceMofMevidenceMsupportsMaMclaimMaboutMcauseMand
MeffectM&MdegreeMtoMwhichMtheMresultsMofMaMstudyMareMnotMdueMtoMbiasMorMconf
ounding
ExternalMvalidityM-
MAnswerMtheMdegreeMtoMwhichMtheMresultsMofMtheMoriginalMstudyMareMapplicableMto
MaMpopulationMotherMthanMtheMoneMinitiallyMtargetedM=Mgeneralizability
AnMoralMglucoseMtoleranceMtestM(OGTT)MmeasuresM-
MAnswerMyourMbloodMsugarMafterMyouMhaveMgoneMatMleastMeightMhoursMwithoutMeati
ngMandMtwoMhoursMafterMyouMdrinkMaMglucose-
containingMbeverage.MThisMtestMcanMbeMusedMtoMdiagnoseMdiabetesMorMprediabetes.
OralMGlucoseMToleranceMTestM(OGTT)MresultMofM150MmeansMwhat?M
A.MBasedMonMaMvalueMgreaterMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMpatientMshouldMhaveM3-
hourM100-gMOGTT
withinM1Mweek.
, B.MTheMresultsMareMwithinMnormalMlimitsMandMdoMnotMmeetMtheMthresholdMforMtheM
diagnosisMofMgestationalMdiabetes.
C.MAMfastingMbloodMsugarMshouldMbeMcheckedMasMsoonMasMpossible.
D.MBasedMonMthisMabnormalMvalue,MtheM3-hourMOGTTMisMnotMrequired.M-
MAnswerMA.MBasedMonMaMvalueMgreaterMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMpatientMshouldMhave
M3-hourM100-gMOGTT
withinM1Mweek.
Rationale:MIfMyourMbloodMglucoseMisMhigherMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMnextMstepMisMthe
MoralM3-
hourMglucoseMtoleranceMtest.MThisMtestMwillMdetermineMifMyouMhaveMgestationalMdiabet
es.
AfterMperformingMtheMliteratureMreviewMandMdevelopingMaMPICOTMquestion,MwhatMshoul
dMyouMdoMnextMbeforeMimplementation?
A.MFormMaMteamMofMstakeholders
B.MDevelopMaMcomparisonMgroup
C.MTalkMtoMtheMmanager
D.MStartMtheMimplementationMprocessM-MAnswerMA.MFormMaMteamMofMstakeholders
Rationale:MAfterMperformingMtheMliteratureMreviewMandMdevelopingMaMPICOTMquestion,M
youMshouldMcreateMaMteamMofMstakeholdersMtoMensureMtheMinterventionMhasMtheMapp
ropriateMresourcesMtoMmakeMtheMstudyMsuccessful.
PtMhasMaMbloodMsugarMofM58MwithMheadacheMandMblurryMvision.
WhichMofMtheMfollowingMinterventionsMisMappropriateMforMtheMnurseMtoMtellMtheMCNL?
A.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhyperglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMaMproteinMsnack.
B.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhyperglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMinsulinMandM1Mc
upMofMmilk.
C.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMinsulinMandM1Mcu
pMofMorangeMjuice.MD.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgiv
enM1McupMofMskimMmilk.M-
MAnswerMD.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenM1Mcup
MofMskimMmilk.
Answers Updated 2026
GapMAnalysisM-
MAnswerMComparesMACTUALMperformanceMwithMPOTENTIAL/desiredMperformanceM
EvaluatesMtheMstrengthsMandMweaknessesMofMtheMteamMinMrelationMtoMrequiredMoutco
mesM
AMgoodMtoolMforManalysisMtoMgainMbetterMunderstandingMofMtheMteam'sMfunctioning
3MphasesMofMknowledgeMtransferMwhenMusingMEBPM-
MAnswerM1.MKnowledgeMcreationMandMdistillationM(researchMandMrecommendationsMforM
clinicalMpractice)
2.MDiffusionMandMDisseminationM(distributeMinfoMtoMusers,MpartnerMwithMorganizationsMli
keMprofessionalMnursingMorgs)
3.MImplementationMandMInstitutionalizationM(endMuserMadoptionM-
MhealthMcareMsystemsMadoptMpractices)
ExamplesMofMrestrainingMforcesMinMLewin'sMChangeMtheoryM-
MAnswerMworkMagainstMtheMdrivingMforcesMtoMinhibitMchange
example:MwantMtoMquitMsmokingMbutMliveMwithMpeopleMwhoMsmokeMsoMhardMtoMquit
MinMthatMlivingMsituation
ExamplesMofMdrivingMforcesMforMLewin'sMchangeMtheoryM-
MAnswerMfactorsMthatMsupportMchangeMorMpushMpatientMtowardsMnecessaryMchangesM
suchMasMtheMdriveMtoMquitMsmokingMtoMbreatheMeasier
Peplau'sMTheoryMofMInterpersonalMRelationsM-
MAnswerMfocusesMonMrelationshipMbetweenMpatientMandMnurse
4Mphases:M
,1.MOrientationM-
MseeksMhelpMthroughMappts,Mtreatment,Metc.MforMRNMtoMdetermineMpatientsMneedMfor
MassistanceM
2.MIdentificationM-MhelpMidentifyMwhoMcanMhelp,MsetMgoalsMofMcareM
3.MExploitationM-MreceivesMcareMfromMrN
4.MResolutionM-McareMisMcompleted
TotalMpatientMcare.M-
MAnswerMOneMnurseMisMresponsibleMforMplanning,MorganizingMandMdeliveryMofMcareMto
Ma
particularMclientMorMgroupMofMclientsMduringMtheMassignedMshift
PrimaryMnursingM-
MAnswerMaMmethodMofMcareMinMwhichMtheMsameMRNMassignedMtoMsameMpatientMove
rMtime;MassumesM24MhourMresponsibilityMforMplanning,Mdirecting,MandMevaluating
clientMcareMfromMtheMtimeMofMadmissionMthroughMdischarge
teamMnursingM-
MAnswerMaMnursingMcareMpattern;MaMteamMofMnursingMstaffMisMledMbyManMRNMwho
MdecidesMtheMamountMandMkindMofMcareMeachMpersonMneedsM-
MeachMmemberMresponsibleMforMcertainMcaresMsuchMasMADLsMorMmeds
EachMteamMmemberMisMableMtoMcontributeMtheirMownMspecialMexpertiseMorMskillsMcari
ngMforMtheMclientM
ContinuityMofMcareMmayMsufferMifMdailyMassignmentMofMteamMvariesMandMclientMisMex
posedMto
manyMdifferentMcaregivers.
relativeMriskM-
MAnswerMusedMwhenMtheMstudyMinvolvesMcomparingMtheMlikelihood,MorMchance,MofMan
MeventMoccurringMbetweenMtwoMgroups
,ratioMofMtheMabsoluteMriskMofMaMdiseaseMamongMtheMexposedMgroupMtoMtheMabsolute
MriskMofMtheMdiseaseMamongMtheMunexposedMgroupMinManMepidemiologicMstudy
confidenceMintervalM-
MAnswerMtheMrangeMofMvaluesMwithinMwhichMaMpopulationMparameterMisMestimatedMto
MlieMbasedMonMaMrandomMsampleMofMtheMpopulation.M
TheMmostMcommonMintervalMisMtheM95%MconfidenceMinterval.MItMrepresentsMtheMrange
MthatMoneMcanMbeM95%MconfidentMthatMtheMpopulationMparameterMlies.
confoundingM-
MAnswerMdistortionMinMtheMdegreeMofMassociationMbecauseMresearcherMfailedMtoMcontr
ol,MorMeliminateMtheMconfoundingMvariable,MdamagingMtheMinternalMvalidityMofManMexp
eriment.
occursMwhenMtwoMvariablesMareMassociatedMinMsuchMaMwayMthatMtheirMeffectsMonMa
MresponseMvariableMcannotMbeMdistinguishedMfromMeachMother
internalMvalidityM-
MAnswerMextentMtoMwhichMaMpieceMofMevidenceMsupportsMaMclaimMaboutMcauseMand
MeffectM&MdegreeMtoMwhichMtheMresultsMofMaMstudyMareMnotMdueMtoMbiasMorMconf
ounding
ExternalMvalidityM-
MAnswerMtheMdegreeMtoMwhichMtheMresultsMofMtheMoriginalMstudyMareMapplicableMto
MaMpopulationMotherMthanMtheMoneMinitiallyMtargetedM=Mgeneralizability
AnMoralMglucoseMtoleranceMtestM(OGTT)MmeasuresM-
MAnswerMyourMbloodMsugarMafterMyouMhaveMgoneMatMleastMeightMhoursMwithoutMeati
ngMandMtwoMhoursMafterMyouMdrinkMaMglucose-
containingMbeverage.MThisMtestMcanMbeMusedMtoMdiagnoseMdiabetesMorMprediabetes.
OralMGlucoseMToleranceMTestM(OGTT)MresultMofM150MmeansMwhat?M
A.MBasedMonMaMvalueMgreaterMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMpatientMshouldMhaveM3-
hourM100-gMOGTT
withinM1Mweek.
, B.MTheMresultsMareMwithinMnormalMlimitsMandMdoMnotMmeetMtheMthresholdMforMtheM
diagnosisMofMgestationalMdiabetes.
C.MAMfastingMbloodMsugarMshouldMbeMcheckedMasMsoonMasMpossible.
D.MBasedMonMthisMabnormalMvalue,MtheM3-hourMOGTTMisMnotMrequired.M-
MAnswerMA.MBasedMonMaMvalueMgreaterMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMpatientMshouldMhave
M3-hourM100-gMOGTT
withinM1Mweek.
Rationale:MIfMyourMbloodMglucoseMisMhigherMthanM140Mmg/dL,MtheMnextMstepMisMthe
MoralM3-
hourMglucoseMtoleranceMtest.MThisMtestMwillMdetermineMifMyouMhaveMgestationalMdiabet
es.
AfterMperformingMtheMliteratureMreviewMandMdevelopingMaMPICOTMquestion,MwhatMshoul
dMyouMdoMnextMbeforeMimplementation?
A.MFormMaMteamMofMstakeholders
B.MDevelopMaMcomparisonMgroup
C.MTalkMtoMtheMmanager
D.MStartMtheMimplementationMprocessM-MAnswerMA.MFormMaMteamMofMstakeholders
Rationale:MAfterMperformingMtheMliteratureMreviewMandMdevelopingMaMPICOTMquestion,M
youMshouldMcreateMaMteamMofMstakeholdersMtoMensureMtheMinterventionMhasMtheMapp
ropriateMresourcesMtoMmakeMtheMstudyMsuccessful.
PtMhasMaMbloodMsugarMofM58MwithMheadacheMandMblurryMvision.
WhichMofMtheMfollowingMinterventionsMisMappropriateMforMtheMnurseMtoMtellMtheMCNL?
A.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhyperglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMaMproteinMsnack.
B.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhyperglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMinsulinMandM1Mc
upMofMmilk.
C.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenMinsulinMandM1Mcu
pMofMorangeMjuice.MD.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgiv
enM1McupMofMskimMmilk.M-
MAnswerMD.MTheMpatientMisMexperiencingMhypoglycemiaMandMshouldMbeMgivenM1Mcup
MofMskimMmilk.