CNL Exam Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
fidelityM-MAnswerMagreementMtoMkeepMpromises
veracityM-MAnswerMtellingMtheMtruth
justiceM-MAnswerMFairness.MOftenMr/tMhealthMcareMresources.
beneficenceM-
MAnswerMtakingMpositiveMactionsMtoMhelpMothersM+MinterestMofMptMaboveMself-interest
nonmaleficenceM-MAnswerMavoidingMharmMorMhurt
negligenceM-MAnswerMconductMthatMfallsMbelowMstandardMofMcare
malpracticeM-MAnswerMtypeMofMnegligenceM(professional)
SlanderMvsMlibel?M-
MAnswerMSlanderM=MverbalMgossip/smearing/defamation.MLibelM=Mwritten
EvenMwhenMdisagreementMoccursMaboutMdecisionsMaMclientMmakes,MtheMnurseMmaintain
sMcareMofMtheMclient,MnotMabandoningMtheMclient.M=MexampleMof?M-MAnswerMfidelity
NurseMfollowsMthroughMwithMcareMofferedMtoMpts,MlikeMmngingMpainM-
MmayMneedMtoMmakeMrevisionsMtoMplanMtoMmeetMpainMgoal.M=MexMof?M-
MAnswerMfidelity
LiverMtransplantsMgivenMtoMpeopleMonMwaitingMlistMaccordingMtoMneedMandMwhoMfitsM
criteriaM(can'tMbeMcurrentMETOH).MNotMbyMwhoMcanMpay.M=MexMof?M-
MAnswerMjusticeM(fairness)
RNMhasMbusyMday,MkidMasksMforMpillMw/appleMsauceMevenMthoughMcanMswallowMwhol
e.MYouMputMinMapplesauceM=MexMof?M-MAnswerMbeneficence
,commitmentMtoMprovideMleastMharmfulMinterventionsMillustratesM=M?M-
MAnswerMnonmaleficence
TakingMextraMstepMtoMlookMupMoptionsMofMSNIFFMforMptMvsMeducatingMaboutMpalliativ
eMcareMoptionsMoverMchemoMforM95MyrMoldM=MwhatM2Methics?M-
MAnswerMbeneficenceM&Mnonmaleficence
aMptMasksMifMtheirMA-fibMisMreallyMsomethingMseriousMtoMbeMconcernedMaboutM-
MyouManswerMtruthfullyMw/educMaboutMstrokeMrisk.M=MexMof?M-MAnswerMveracity
AreMnegligenceMandMmalpracticeMintentionalMorMunintentionalMtortsM(suitsMagMpersonMo
rMproperty?)M-MAnswerMunintentional
assaultMvsMbattery?M-
MAnswerMassaultM=MintentionalMthreatMtoMbringMharm.MBatteryM=MintentionalMtouching/
contactMw/oMconsentM(harmfulMorMonlyMoffensive)
AssaultMorMbattery?MPersonMsentMhatefulMmailMwithMpicturesMofMbeatingMotherMperson
MupM-MAnswerMAssault
FailureMtoMproperlyMdelegateMandMsuperviseMorMaMfailureMtoMensureMptMsafetyMorMha
ngingMwrongMIVM=M?M-
MAnswerMprofessionalMnegligenceM(malpractice)MorMnegligentMacts
toMavoidMmalpracticeM(profMnegligence)MfollowMstandardsMofMcare,Mcommunicate,Mdocu
ment,M&MwhatM2Mothers?M-MAnswerMknowMliterature,MknowMpoliciesM&Mprocedures
malpracticeMinsuranceMcoversMwhat?M-
MAnswerMliabilityMinsuranceMtoMprovideMdefenseMwhenMRNMinMlawsuitMforMprofessional
MnegligenceMorMmedMmalpractice
WhatMformatMdoMyouMwantMtoMframeManMEBPMclinicalMquestion?M-
MAnswerMPICO:MPatient/population,MIntervention,MComparison,MOutcome
,5MStepsMofMresearchingMandMusingMEBP?M-
MAnswerMAskMtheMqstnM(PICO),MCollectMevidence,McriticallyMappraiseMit,MintegrateMw/pt
MprefsMandMclinicalMexpertise,MevaluateMtheMchangeMonceMmade
WhyMareMCNLSMinnovatorsMandMearlyMadopters,MbutMnotMresearchers?M-
MAnswerMCNLsMareMMaster'sMpreparedMandMtrainedMtoMcritiqueMandMapplyMresearch.M
ButMonlyMPHDMpreparedMdoMresearchMstudies
MostMofMyourMfloorMnursesMareMADNMprepared.MWhyMisMthisMimportantMtoMremember
MwhenMpresentingMthemMwithMEBPMforMaMchange?M-
MAnswerMADN'sMneverMtakeMresearchMclass.MHelpMeducateMthemMonMhowMtoMuseMit
M-MwhatMitMmeans.
IsMitMpointlessMtoMshowMaMresistorMEBP?M-
MAnswerMNO!MImportantMtoMdoMso,MandMtoMeducateMthem!
WhatMareM3MmainMbarriersMtoMimplementingMEBP?M-
MAnswerMPractionersMdon'tMunderstandMtheMresearch,MlackMofMadminMsupport,MpoorMq
ualityMofMresearchMsupport/findings
WhatMmakesMaMresearchMarticleMgood:MLargeMsample,MrigorMofMmethodsM(doubleMblind
/IRBMapproval),MRepresentativeMsample,MclinicalMrelevance,MsufficientMlitMreview...4Mothers
?M-
MAnswerMstrengthMofMfindingsM(p<0.05),Mbias?,MlimitationsMacknowledged?MCanMbeMrepli
cated?
WhatMmakesMaMresearchMarticleMgood:MstrengthMofMfindingsM(p<0.05),Mbias?,Mlimitations
Macknowledged?MCanMbeMreplicated?M+M5Mothers?M-
MAnswerMLargeMsample,MrigorMofMmethodsM(doubleMblind/IRBMapproval),MRepresentative
Msample,MclinicalMrelevance,MsufficientMlitMreview
WhatMareM3MbroadMquestionsMtoMconsderM(VennMdiagram)MwhenMconsideringMtoMuseM
EBPMorMnot?M-
MAnswerMIsMtheMqualityMofMtheMstudyMgoodMenoughMtoMvalidateMresults?MAreMfinding
sMapplicableMtoMmyMpractice?MWhatMdoMtheMresultsMmeanMtoMmyMpts?
WhatMtypeMofMbiasesMmayMresultMinMsubjectsMinMsampleMbeingMunrepresentativeMofMp
opulationMofMinterest?M-
MAnswerMSelectionMbiasesM(sampling,Mattrition,Mexposure,MtimeMinterval)
, SelectionMbiasesM(sampling,Mattrition,Mexposure,MtimeMinterval)MmayMmeanMwhatMforMth
eMstudy?M-
MAnswerMtheMsubjectsMmightMbeMunrepresentativeMofMpopulationMofMinterestM(non-
randomMsampleMorMprocessMofMchoosingMspecificMppleMforMstudy)
MeasurementMbiasesM(systematicMerror)MresultMfromMwhat?M-
MAnswerMHowMoutcomeMmeasured...poorMcalibration,MorMhumanMerror.
IfMinstrumentsMinMstudyMwereMpoorlyMcalibrated,MorMobservationMtechniqueMwasMpoor,
MitMcouldMresultMinMwhatMbias?M-MAnswerMMeasurementMbiasM(systematicMerror)
WhatMisMexposureMbias?M-
MAnswerMInvolvesMdiffsMinMhowMtxMinterventionMwasMcarriedMoutMorMhowMsubjectsMw
ereMexposedMtoMfactorMofMinterest
diffsMinMhowMtxMinterventionMwasMcarriedMoutMorMhowMsubjectsMwereMexposedMtoMfa
ctorMofMinterestM=M__Mbias?M-MAnswerMexposure/interventionMbias
WhatMareMtheM7MlevelsMofMevidenceMfromMhighMtoMlow?M-
MAnswerMSystematicMReviewM(meta-analysis,Mnarrative,Mmeta-
synthesis),MCriticallyMappraised,MRCT,MCohortMStudy,MCase-
controlMstudy,MExpertMcommittee,MindvlMclinicalMexpertise
DistinguishMb/wM3MtypesMofMsystematicMreviews:M-MAnswerM1)MMeta-
analysisM(quantitativeMandMhighest)M2)MSystematicMreviewMincludingMnarrativesM3)MMeta-
synthesisM(totalMqualitative)
BesidesMsystematicMreviewMw/narratives,MwhatMareMmeta-analysisMandMmeta-synthesis?M-
MAnswerMMeta-analysisM=MquantitativeMRCTs.MMetat-synthesisM=Mqualitative
DiffMb/wMcohortMandMcase-controlMstudy?M-
MAnswerMCohortM=MobservationalMfollowsM2MgroupsMforwardMforMoutcome.MCase-
control:MobservationalMretrospectiveMbyMIDMptsMwithMspcfMdise/outcomeMandMw/oMand
MlookingMback.M(reliesMonMmemory!)
Updated 2026
fidelityM-MAnswerMagreementMtoMkeepMpromises
veracityM-MAnswerMtellingMtheMtruth
justiceM-MAnswerMFairness.MOftenMr/tMhealthMcareMresources.
beneficenceM-
MAnswerMtakingMpositiveMactionsMtoMhelpMothersM+MinterestMofMptMaboveMself-interest
nonmaleficenceM-MAnswerMavoidingMharmMorMhurt
negligenceM-MAnswerMconductMthatMfallsMbelowMstandardMofMcare
malpracticeM-MAnswerMtypeMofMnegligenceM(professional)
SlanderMvsMlibel?M-
MAnswerMSlanderM=MverbalMgossip/smearing/defamation.MLibelM=Mwritten
EvenMwhenMdisagreementMoccursMaboutMdecisionsMaMclientMmakes,MtheMnurseMmaintain
sMcareMofMtheMclient,MnotMabandoningMtheMclient.M=MexampleMof?M-MAnswerMfidelity
NurseMfollowsMthroughMwithMcareMofferedMtoMpts,MlikeMmngingMpainM-
MmayMneedMtoMmakeMrevisionsMtoMplanMtoMmeetMpainMgoal.M=MexMof?M-
MAnswerMfidelity
LiverMtransplantsMgivenMtoMpeopleMonMwaitingMlistMaccordingMtoMneedMandMwhoMfitsM
criteriaM(can'tMbeMcurrentMETOH).MNotMbyMwhoMcanMpay.M=MexMof?M-
MAnswerMjusticeM(fairness)
RNMhasMbusyMday,MkidMasksMforMpillMw/appleMsauceMevenMthoughMcanMswallowMwhol
e.MYouMputMinMapplesauceM=MexMof?M-MAnswerMbeneficence
,commitmentMtoMprovideMleastMharmfulMinterventionsMillustratesM=M?M-
MAnswerMnonmaleficence
TakingMextraMstepMtoMlookMupMoptionsMofMSNIFFMforMptMvsMeducatingMaboutMpalliativ
eMcareMoptionsMoverMchemoMforM95MyrMoldM=MwhatM2Methics?M-
MAnswerMbeneficenceM&Mnonmaleficence
aMptMasksMifMtheirMA-fibMisMreallyMsomethingMseriousMtoMbeMconcernedMaboutM-
MyouManswerMtruthfullyMw/educMaboutMstrokeMrisk.M=MexMof?M-MAnswerMveracity
AreMnegligenceMandMmalpracticeMintentionalMorMunintentionalMtortsM(suitsMagMpersonMo
rMproperty?)M-MAnswerMunintentional
assaultMvsMbattery?M-
MAnswerMassaultM=MintentionalMthreatMtoMbringMharm.MBatteryM=MintentionalMtouching/
contactMw/oMconsentM(harmfulMorMonlyMoffensive)
AssaultMorMbattery?MPersonMsentMhatefulMmailMwithMpicturesMofMbeatingMotherMperson
MupM-MAnswerMAssault
FailureMtoMproperlyMdelegateMandMsuperviseMorMaMfailureMtoMensureMptMsafetyMorMha
ngingMwrongMIVM=M?M-
MAnswerMprofessionalMnegligenceM(malpractice)MorMnegligentMacts
toMavoidMmalpracticeM(profMnegligence)MfollowMstandardsMofMcare,Mcommunicate,Mdocu
ment,M&MwhatM2Mothers?M-MAnswerMknowMliterature,MknowMpoliciesM&Mprocedures
malpracticeMinsuranceMcoversMwhat?M-
MAnswerMliabilityMinsuranceMtoMprovideMdefenseMwhenMRNMinMlawsuitMforMprofessional
MnegligenceMorMmedMmalpractice
WhatMformatMdoMyouMwantMtoMframeManMEBPMclinicalMquestion?M-
MAnswerMPICO:MPatient/population,MIntervention,MComparison,MOutcome
,5MStepsMofMresearchingMandMusingMEBP?M-
MAnswerMAskMtheMqstnM(PICO),MCollectMevidence,McriticallyMappraiseMit,MintegrateMw/pt
MprefsMandMclinicalMexpertise,MevaluateMtheMchangeMonceMmade
WhyMareMCNLSMinnovatorsMandMearlyMadopters,MbutMnotMresearchers?M-
MAnswerMCNLsMareMMaster'sMpreparedMandMtrainedMtoMcritiqueMandMapplyMresearch.M
ButMonlyMPHDMpreparedMdoMresearchMstudies
MostMofMyourMfloorMnursesMareMADNMprepared.MWhyMisMthisMimportantMtoMremember
MwhenMpresentingMthemMwithMEBPMforMaMchange?M-
MAnswerMADN'sMneverMtakeMresearchMclass.MHelpMeducateMthemMonMhowMtoMuseMit
M-MwhatMitMmeans.
IsMitMpointlessMtoMshowMaMresistorMEBP?M-
MAnswerMNO!MImportantMtoMdoMso,MandMtoMeducateMthem!
WhatMareM3MmainMbarriersMtoMimplementingMEBP?M-
MAnswerMPractionersMdon'tMunderstandMtheMresearch,MlackMofMadminMsupport,MpoorMq
ualityMofMresearchMsupport/findings
WhatMmakesMaMresearchMarticleMgood:MLargeMsample,MrigorMofMmethodsM(doubleMblind
/IRBMapproval),MRepresentativeMsample,MclinicalMrelevance,MsufficientMlitMreview...4Mothers
?M-
MAnswerMstrengthMofMfindingsM(p<0.05),Mbias?,MlimitationsMacknowledged?MCanMbeMrepli
cated?
WhatMmakesMaMresearchMarticleMgood:MstrengthMofMfindingsM(p<0.05),Mbias?,Mlimitations
Macknowledged?MCanMbeMreplicated?M+M5Mothers?M-
MAnswerMLargeMsample,MrigorMofMmethodsM(doubleMblind/IRBMapproval),MRepresentative
Msample,MclinicalMrelevance,MsufficientMlitMreview
WhatMareM3MbroadMquestionsMtoMconsderM(VennMdiagram)MwhenMconsideringMtoMuseM
EBPMorMnot?M-
MAnswerMIsMtheMqualityMofMtheMstudyMgoodMenoughMtoMvalidateMresults?MAreMfinding
sMapplicableMtoMmyMpractice?MWhatMdoMtheMresultsMmeanMtoMmyMpts?
WhatMtypeMofMbiasesMmayMresultMinMsubjectsMinMsampleMbeingMunrepresentativeMofMp
opulationMofMinterest?M-
MAnswerMSelectionMbiasesM(sampling,Mattrition,Mexposure,MtimeMinterval)
, SelectionMbiasesM(sampling,Mattrition,Mexposure,MtimeMinterval)MmayMmeanMwhatMforMth
eMstudy?M-
MAnswerMtheMsubjectsMmightMbeMunrepresentativeMofMpopulationMofMinterestM(non-
randomMsampleMorMprocessMofMchoosingMspecificMppleMforMstudy)
MeasurementMbiasesM(systematicMerror)MresultMfromMwhat?M-
MAnswerMHowMoutcomeMmeasured...poorMcalibration,MorMhumanMerror.
IfMinstrumentsMinMstudyMwereMpoorlyMcalibrated,MorMobservationMtechniqueMwasMpoor,
MitMcouldMresultMinMwhatMbias?M-MAnswerMMeasurementMbiasM(systematicMerror)
WhatMisMexposureMbias?M-
MAnswerMInvolvesMdiffsMinMhowMtxMinterventionMwasMcarriedMoutMorMhowMsubjectsMw
ereMexposedMtoMfactorMofMinterest
diffsMinMhowMtxMinterventionMwasMcarriedMoutMorMhowMsubjectsMwereMexposedMtoMfa
ctorMofMinterestM=M__Mbias?M-MAnswerMexposure/interventionMbias
WhatMareMtheM7MlevelsMofMevidenceMfromMhighMtoMlow?M-
MAnswerMSystematicMReviewM(meta-analysis,Mnarrative,Mmeta-
synthesis),MCriticallyMappraised,MRCT,MCohortMStudy,MCase-
controlMstudy,MExpertMcommittee,MindvlMclinicalMexpertise
DistinguishMb/wM3MtypesMofMsystematicMreviews:M-MAnswerM1)MMeta-
analysisM(quantitativeMandMhighest)M2)MSystematicMreviewMincludingMnarrativesM3)MMeta-
synthesisM(totalMqualitative)
BesidesMsystematicMreviewMw/narratives,MwhatMareMmeta-analysisMandMmeta-synthesis?M-
MAnswerMMeta-analysisM=MquantitativeMRCTs.MMetat-synthesisM=Mqualitative
DiffMb/wMcohortMandMcase-controlMstudy?M-
MAnswerMCohortM=MobservationalMfollowsM2MgroupsMforwardMforMoutcome.MCase-
control:MobservationalMretrospectiveMbyMIDMptsMwithMspcfMdise/outcomeMandMw/oMand
MlookingMback.M(reliesMonMmemory!)
