ATI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED GRADED A+
◉ Submucosa. Answer: Areolar connective tissue that binds the
mucosa to the muscularis and contains glands, blood, lymphatic
vessels and tissue, and the submucosal plexus (ENS)
◉ Muscularis. Answer: Skeletal muscle layer in the mouth, pharynx,
superior and middle parts of the esophagus and the external anal
sphincter, two sheets of smooth muscle in the rest of the tract,
contains the myenteric plexus (ENS)
◉ Serosa. Answer: A serous membrane composed of areolar
connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium, forms a portion
of the peritoneum (visceral peritoneum)
◉ Adventitia. Answer: The single outer layer of areolar connective
tissue that surrounds the esophagus (lacks a serosa)
◉ Myenteric plexus (ENS). Answer: Motor neurons control the
longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis,
,controls GI tract motility or the frequency and strength of
contractions
◉ Submucosal plexus (ENS). Answer: Control the secretions of the
organs in the GI tract
◉ Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in the GI tract cause....
Answer: A decrease in GI tract secretion and motility by inhibiting
the ENS neurons
◉ Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves in the GI tract cause....
Answer: An increase in GI secretion and motility by increasing
activity of the ENS neurons
◉ The Gastrointestinal Reflex pathways regulate. Answer: GI
secretion and motility in response to stimuli present in the GI tract
lumen
◉ Peritoneum. Answer: A serous membrane, contains a layer of
simple squamous epithelium and an underlying supportive layer of
areolar connective tissue, divided into the parietal peritoneum and
the visceral peritoneum
◉ Parietal peritoneum. Answer: Lines the wall of the abdominal
cavity
,◉ Visceral peritoneum. Answer: Covers some organs in the cavity
and functions as their serosa
◉ The folds of the peritoneum function to.... Answer: Bind organs to
one another and to the abdominal wall
◉ Greater Omentum. Answer: Longest of the peritoneal folds, fatty
apron of the small intestine
◉ Falciform Ligament. Answer: A fold in the visceral peritoneum
that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
◉ Lesser Omentum. Answer: A fold in the visceral peritoneum
(serosa) that connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver,
contains pathways for the hepatic portal vein, common hepatic
artery, common bile duct, and some lympth nodes
◉ Mesentery. Answer: A massive fold in the visceral peritoneum that
binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior
abdominal wall, between the folds are blood and lymphatic vessels
and lymph nodes
◉ Mesocolon. Answer: Two separate folds that bind the transverse
colon and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine to the posterior
, abdominal wall, carries blood and lymphatic vessels and works with
the mesentery to hold the intestines in place
◉ Parotid glands. Answer: Salivary gland located inferior and
anterior to the ears and secretes saliva via the parotid dict
◉ Submandibular glands. Answer: Salivary gland located on the
floor of the mouth, medial and partly inferior to the mandible,
secrete saliva via the submandibular ducts
◉ Sublingual gland. Answer: Salivary gland located beneath the
tongue and superior to the submandibular gland, secretes saliva via
the lesser sublingual ducts on the floor of the mouth
◉ Salivary amylase. Answer: An enzyme secreted by the salivary
glands, activated by Cl ions, that starts the breakdown of starch in
the mouth, stomach acids inactivate it
◉ Salivation is controlled by the. Answer: ANS
◉ Parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands causes....
Answer: Continuous secretion of saliva and keeps the mucous
membrane moist and lubricated
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED GRADED A+
◉ Submucosa. Answer: Areolar connective tissue that binds the
mucosa to the muscularis and contains glands, blood, lymphatic
vessels and tissue, and the submucosal plexus (ENS)
◉ Muscularis. Answer: Skeletal muscle layer in the mouth, pharynx,
superior and middle parts of the esophagus and the external anal
sphincter, two sheets of smooth muscle in the rest of the tract,
contains the myenteric plexus (ENS)
◉ Serosa. Answer: A serous membrane composed of areolar
connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium, forms a portion
of the peritoneum (visceral peritoneum)
◉ Adventitia. Answer: The single outer layer of areolar connective
tissue that surrounds the esophagus (lacks a serosa)
◉ Myenteric plexus (ENS). Answer: Motor neurons control the
longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis,
,controls GI tract motility or the frequency and strength of
contractions
◉ Submucosal plexus (ENS). Answer: Control the secretions of the
organs in the GI tract
◉ Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in the GI tract cause....
Answer: A decrease in GI tract secretion and motility by inhibiting
the ENS neurons
◉ Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves in the GI tract cause....
Answer: An increase in GI secretion and motility by increasing
activity of the ENS neurons
◉ The Gastrointestinal Reflex pathways regulate. Answer: GI
secretion and motility in response to stimuli present in the GI tract
lumen
◉ Peritoneum. Answer: A serous membrane, contains a layer of
simple squamous epithelium and an underlying supportive layer of
areolar connective tissue, divided into the parietal peritoneum and
the visceral peritoneum
◉ Parietal peritoneum. Answer: Lines the wall of the abdominal
cavity
,◉ Visceral peritoneum. Answer: Covers some organs in the cavity
and functions as their serosa
◉ The folds of the peritoneum function to.... Answer: Bind organs to
one another and to the abdominal wall
◉ Greater Omentum. Answer: Longest of the peritoneal folds, fatty
apron of the small intestine
◉ Falciform Ligament. Answer: A fold in the visceral peritoneum
that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
◉ Lesser Omentum. Answer: A fold in the visceral peritoneum
(serosa) that connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver,
contains pathways for the hepatic portal vein, common hepatic
artery, common bile duct, and some lympth nodes
◉ Mesentery. Answer: A massive fold in the visceral peritoneum that
binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior
abdominal wall, between the folds are blood and lymphatic vessels
and lymph nodes
◉ Mesocolon. Answer: Two separate folds that bind the transverse
colon and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine to the posterior
, abdominal wall, carries blood and lymphatic vessels and works with
the mesentery to hold the intestines in place
◉ Parotid glands. Answer: Salivary gland located inferior and
anterior to the ears and secretes saliva via the parotid dict
◉ Submandibular glands. Answer: Salivary gland located on the
floor of the mouth, medial and partly inferior to the mandible,
secrete saliva via the submandibular ducts
◉ Sublingual gland. Answer: Salivary gland located beneath the
tongue and superior to the submandibular gland, secretes saliva via
the lesser sublingual ducts on the floor of the mouth
◉ Salivary amylase. Answer: An enzyme secreted by the salivary
glands, activated by Cl ions, that starts the breakdown of starch in
the mouth, stomach acids inactivate it
◉ Salivation is controlled by the. Answer: ANS
◉ Parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands causes....
Answer: Continuous secretion of saliva and keeps the mucous
membrane moist and lubricated
