Biod 151 - final exam QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLVED.
Air and food pass in which of the following areas? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅oropharynx
Are the L/R lobes of the lungs symmetrical? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no, the right
has 3 lobes but the left only has 2 to account for the heart
Be able to label carpals/metacarpals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be sure to know sensory organs of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Describe anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Standing upright with feet
slightly apart, palms facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body
Describe flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form the roof of the skull to protect the
brain
describe irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅varied in structure with ridges or
irregular surface
Describe long bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long and thin, designed to support
body weight and enable movement
Describe parietal and chief cells: name their location, secretion, purpose - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅parietal cells: located in the wall of the stomach body, secrete HCl acid,
generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. The very acidic pH kills much of the bacteria ingested along
with food and it also stops the activity of salivary amylase. This is also necessary to
activate pepsin. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which is a preenzyme secreted by the
cief cells int he stomach. HCl acid converts an inactive pepsinogen into an active
enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins
, describe sesamoid bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅small and round, reinforcing
tendons
describe short bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅small and cube shaped
Describe the breakdown of proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅only takes place when
carbs or fats are unavailable, proteins break down into amino acids and form ammonia
and the rest enters the TCA cycle. Ammonia is harmful to the body and must combine
with CO2 in the liver to make urea to be excreted in urine
Describe the internal and external sphincters of the anal canal - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅internal sphincter is an involuntary smooth muscle, the external sphincter
is skeletal and voluntary
Describe the process of swallowing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) the larynx rises and
the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly to cover the
trachea to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs. 2) a posterior and superior
movement of the soft palate covers the entrance of the nasal passages that prevents
food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Food then enters the
esophagus
Explain how too much aldosterone could contribute to high BP - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Aldosterone's primary target is the kidney, where it promotes renal
absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium. The blood sodium level is
particularly important ot the maintenance of BP. Too much sodium causes retention of
fluid and increases BP
Explain what digestive functions are carried out by the small intestine. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Responsible for both mechanical and chemical digestion. The small
intestine continues to secrete enzymes to further break down food for chemical
digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs because bile is still breaking down fats. The
small intestine also is responsible for absorbing nutrients from broken down food in
order ot carry these to the blood stream to be used by teh body
Explain why a patient with liver disease would have an intolerance to fatty foods. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not
producing enough bile fats will not break down effectively
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might
develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gastrin stimulates the
secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion
of the stomach lining.
CORRECT SOLVED.
Air and food pass in which of the following areas? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅oropharynx
Are the L/R lobes of the lungs symmetrical? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no, the right
has 3 lobes but the left only has 2 to account for the heart
Be able to label carpals/metacarpals - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be able to label skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Be sure to know sensory organs of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅see image
Describe anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Standing upright with feet
slightly apart, palms facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body
Describe flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form the roof of the skull to protect the
brain
describe irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅varied in structure with ridges or
irregular surface
Describe long bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long and thin, designed to support
body weight and enable movement
Describe parietal and chief cells: name their location, secretion, purpose - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅parietal cells: located in the wall of the stomach body, secrete HCl acid,
generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. The very acidic pH kills much of the bacteria ingested along
with food and it also stops the activity of salivary amylase. This is also necessary to
activate pepsin. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which is a preenzyme secreted by the
cief cells int he stomach. HCl acid converts an inactive pepsinogen into an active
enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins
, describe sesamoid bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅small and round, reinforcing
tendons
describe short bones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅small and cube shaped
Describe the breakdown of proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅only takes place when
carbs or fats are unavailable, proteins break down into amino acids and form ammonia
and the rest enters the TCA cycle. Ammonia is harmful to the body and must combine
with CO2 in the liver to make urea to be excreted in urine
Describe the internal and external sphincters of the anal canal - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅internal sphincter is an involuntary smooth muscle, the external sphincter
is skeletal and voluntary
Describe the process of swallowing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) the larynx rises and
the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly to cover the
trachea to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs. 2) a posterior and superior
movement of the soft palate covers the entrance of the nasal passages that prevents
food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Food then enters the
esophagus
Explain how too much aldosterone could contribute to high BP - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Aldosterone's primary target is the kidney, where it promotes renal
absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium. The blood sodium level is
particularly important ot the maintenance of BP. Too much sodium causes retention of
fluid and increases BP
Explain what digestive functions are carried out by the small intestine. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Responsible for both mechanical and chemical digestion. The small
intestine continues to secrete enzymes to further break down food for chemical
digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs because bile is still breaking down fats. The
small intestine also is responsible for absorbing nutrients from broken down food in
order ot carry these to the blood stream to be used by teh body
Explain why a patient with liver disease would have an intolerance to fatty foods. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not
producing enough bile fats will not break down effectively
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might
develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gastrin stimulates the
secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion
of the stomach lining.
