1|Page
PN 2003 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026
Aging of the male reproductive system ......ANSWER......-fluid-retaining
capacity of seminal vesicles reduces
-possible reduction in sperm count
-venous and arterial sclerosis of penis
-prostate enlarges in most men
-seminal vesicles having a thinner epithelium
-replacement of muscle with connective tissue
-structural changes in the seminiferous tubules include fibrosis, thinning
of epithelium,thickening of the basement membrane
-narrowing of the lumen
-atrophy of the testes
-reduction is testicular mass
-more time required for an erection
aging musculoskeletal system ......ANSWER......-muscle mass, muscle
strength, muscle movements decreased
-age related loss of muscle mass, strength and function= sarcopenia
- tendons shrink and harden
pg. 1
,2|Page
-reflexes are lessened in the arms and nearly lost in abdomen
-shortening of vertebrae
-between 20 and 70 height decreases approx 2 inches
-bones more brittle
-slight knee flexion
-decrease in bone mass and bone mineral
-slight kyphosis
-slight hip flexion
-slight wrist flexion
- impaired flexion and extension movements.
-grip strength decline
-decrease body strength
-decreased calorie intake
-poor blood flow
aging nervous system ......ANSWER......-Decrease in brain weight
-blood flow to brain
-conduction velocity
-response and reaction time
-changes in sleep pattern
-decreased conduction velocity
-slower response and reaction time
pg. 2
,3|Page
-decreased brain weight
-reduced blood flow to brain
-changes in sleep pattern
-atrophy of brain and spinal cord and brain weight decreases
-# of nerve cells decline
-each cell has fewer dendrites
-cerebral blood flow decreases by 20%
aging endocrine system ......ANSWER......-Decreased
acth,glucocorticoids, estrogen, testosterone
-delayed and insufficienct release of insulin, decreased tissue
-sensitivity to insulin
-reduced ability to metabolize glucose higher blood glucose
-thyroid gland undergoes fibrosis, cellular infiltration and increased
nodularity
-lower metabolic rate
-reduced radioactive iodine uptake
-less thyrotopin secretion and release
-thyroid gland progressively atrophies
what is parkinsons disease ......ANSWER......progressive degeneratoin of
neurons in basal ganglia resulting in the reduced production of
dopamine
pg. 3
, 4|Page
what are the symptoms of parkinsons ......ANSWER......affects the
ability of the CNS to control body movements, tremor in hands and feet
that progresses over time, tremor reduced when the patient attempts
purposeful movement, muscle rigidity, weakness, drooling, difficulty
swallowing, slow speech, monotone, face masklike appearance, skin
moist, bradykinesia, poor balance, appetite increases, emotional
instability, postural instability, shuffling gait, may not be able to stop
walking voluntarily. secondary symptoms depression, anxiety, sleep
disturbances dementia, forced eyelid closure, decreased blinking,
dysphagia, constipation, shortness of breath, urinary hesitancy urgency
and reduced interest in sex
what are the treatments for Parkinsons
......ANSWER......carbidopa/levodopa ( sinemet), anticholinergics,
amantadine, monooxidase inhibitors and catechol-o-methyltransferase
inhibitors, deep brain stimulation
what should be avoided while taking levadopa ......ANSWER......foods
high in vitamin B 6 such as avocado, lentils and lima beans.
What is a macule? ......ANSWER......a flat lesion that differs in color
from surrounding skin (<1 cm in diameter) AKA freckle
What is a papule? ......ANSWER......palpable, circumscribed, solid
elevation in skin, smaller than 1 cm (elevated nevus)
pg. 4
PN 2003 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026
Aging of the male reproductive system ......ANSWER......-fluid-retaining
capacity of seminal vesicles reduces
-possible reduction in sperm count
-venous and arterial sclerosis of penis
-prostate enlarges in most men
-seminal vesicles having a thinner epithelium
-replacement of muscle with connective tissue
-structural changes in the seminiferous tubules include fibrosis, thinning
of epithelium,thickening of the basement membrane
-narrowing of the lumen
-atrophy of the testes
-reduction is testicular mass
-more time required for an erection
aging musculoskeletal system ......ANSWER......-muscle mass, muscle
strength, muscle movements decreased
-age related loss of muscle mass, strength and function= sarcopenia
- tendons shrink and harden
pg. 1
,2|Page
-reflexes are lessened in the arms and nearly lost in abdomen
-shortening of vertebrae
-between 20 and 70 height decreases approx 2 inches
-bones more brittle
-slight knee flexion
-decrease in bone mass and bone mineral
-slight kyphosis
-slight hip flexion
-slight wrist flexion
- impaired flexion and extension movements.
-grip strength decline
-decrease body strength
-decreased calorie intake
-poor blood flow
aging nervous system ......ANSWER......-Decrease in brain weight
-blood flow to brain
-conduction velocity
-response and reaction time
-changes in sleep pattern
-decreased conduction velocity
-slower response and reaction time
pg. 2
,3|Page
-decreased brain weight
-reduced blood flow to brain
-changes in sleep pattern
-atrophy of brain and spinal cord and brain weight decreases
-# of nerve cells decline
-each cell has fewer dendrites
-cerebral blood flow decreases by 20%
aging endocrine system ......ANSWER......-Decreased
acth,glucocorticoids, estrogen, testosterone
-delayed and insufficienct release of insulin, decreased tissue
-sensitivity to insulin
-reduced ability to metabolize glucose higher blood glucose
-thyroid gland undergoes fibrosis, cellular infiltration and increased
nodularity
-lower metabolic rate
-reduced radioactive iodine uptake
-less thyrotopin secretion and release
-thyroid gland progressively atrophies
what is parkinsons disease ......ANSWER......progressive degeneratoin of
neurons in basal ganglia resulting in the reduced production of
dopamine
pg. 3
, 4|Page
what are the symptoms of parkinsons ......ANSWER......affects the
ability of the CNS to control body movements, tremor in hands and feet
that progresses over time, tremor reduced when the patient attempts
purposeful movement, muscle rigidity, weakness, drooling, difficulty
swallowing, slow speech, monotone, face masklike appearance, skin
moist, bradykinesia, poor balance, appetite increases, emotional
instability, postural instability, shuffling gait, may not be able to stop
walking voluntarily. secondary symptoms depression, anxiety, sleep
disturbances dementia, forced eyelid closure, decreased blinking,
dysphagia, constipation, shortness of breath, urinary hesitancy urgency
and reduced interest in sex
what are the treatments for Parkinsons
......ANSWER......carbidopa/levodopa ( sinemet), anticholinergics,
amantadine, monooxidase inhibitors and catechol-o-methyltransferase
inhibitors, deep brain stimulation
what should be avoided while taking levadopa ......ANSWER......foods
high in vitamin B 6 such as avocado, lentils and lima beans.
What is a macule? ......ANSWER......a flat lesion that differs in color
from surrounding skin (<1 cm in diameter) AKA freckle
What is a papule? ......ANSWER......palpable, circumscribed, solid
elevation in skin, smaller than 1 cm (elevated nevus)
pg. 4
