MBIO 3401 EXAMINATION ONE ZHANG
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ which of the following scientist-contribution pairs is not matched
correctly? Answer: louis pasteur proved spontaneous generation
⩥ what is robert kochs contribution Answer: developed the criteria for
establishing a causative link betwen an infectious agent and disease
⩥ what is leewunhoek's contribution Answer: discovered individual
microbes
⩥ what is nightingales contributions Answer: founded medical statistics
⩥ kochs postulates include all of the following except what Answer: the
pathogen must be shown to contain toxins
⩥ kocks postulates Answer: a pure culture must be obtained, pathogne
must be found in every individual suffering from the disease, the
isolated pathogen must be used to infect healthy hosts, healthy
individuals infected with osilated suspected pathogen must get sick with
disease
,⩥ who performed the first vaccination Answer: edward jenner
⩥ who discovered the first antibiotic Answer: alexander fleming
⩥ who are the ancestors of mitochondria Answer: proteobacteria
⩥ what size are normal microbes Answer: 10-100um
⩥ what type of microbes are less than 10um Answer: prokaryotes
⩥ what is the correct order of reagents in gram stain Answer: crystal
violet, idodine, ehtanol, safranin
⩥ in fluorescence micorscopy, the specimen absorbs incident light and
then re-emits a _____ energy and a _____ wavelength Answer: lower,
longer
⩥ which of the following microscopes allows the best view of bacterial
flagella during motility Answer: dark-field microscope
⩥ what type pf microscopy exploits differnces in refactive indices
between cell parts and surroundign media as well as all live cells
Answer: phase-contrst microscopy
,⩥ scanning electron microscopy Answer: specimen is fixed and
embedded, it cannot be used to view live specimen, provdes 3D image
of the specimen
⩥ atomic force microscope Answer: measures van der Waals forces,
example of scanning probe microscop e
⩥ what is the best method to examining the presensce of a chemical
structure with a diameter of 3nm? Answer: x-ray crystallography
⩥ what is the structure of prokaryotes that performs the same function as
mitochodria in eukaryotes Answer: cell membrane
⩥ lipids Answer: have ester linkages, while those of archaea have ether
linkages
⩥ component of peptidoglycan Answer: n-acetylmuramic acid, n-
acetylglucosamine, amino acids, peptide cross-links
⩥ prokaryotic outer membrane Answer: found in gram negative bacteria,
contains porins, contains toxic component, contains lipopolysaccharide
layer
, ⩥ prokaryotic chromosome Answer: has a single origin of replication
and then DNA is replicated bidirectionally
⩥ what does a stalked cell in caulobacter crescentus divide to reproduce
Answer: a stalked cell and a flagellated cell
⩥ what is an extension of the cytoplasm that attaches bacteria to a
surface called Answer: stalk
⩥ prokaryotic flagella Answer: driven by proton motice force, found in
both gram - and gram +, embedded in the cell envelope, used for
chemotaxis
⩥ limitations for koch's postulates Answer: not all microbes can be
grown in pure culture, sometimes the causing agent can be found in both
healthy and sick individuals, not all those infected develop disease, not
all pathogens have animal modes of infection
⩥ causality of koch's postulates Answer: mycobacterium tuberculosis>
tuberculosis, bacillus antracis>anthrax
⩥ association of koch's postulates Answer: men wear larger shoes and
are stronger than women. do large shoes make you stronger?
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ which of the following scientist-contribution pairs is not matched
correctly? Answer: louis pasteur proved spontaneous generation
⩥ what is robert kochs contribution Answer: developed the criteria for
establishing a causative link betwen an infectious agent and disease
⩥ what is leewunhoek's contribution Answer: discovered individual
microbes
⩥ what is nightingales contributions Answer: founded medical statistics
⩥ kochs postulates include all of the following except what Answer: the
pathogen must be shown to contain toxins
⩥ kocks postulates Answer: a pure culture must be obtained, pathogne
must be found in every individual suffering from the disease, the
isolated pathogen must be used to infect healthy hosts, healthy
individuals infected with osilated suspected pathogen must get sick with
disease
,⩥ who performed the first vaccination Answer: edward jenner
⩥ who discovered the first antibiotic Answer: alexander fleming
⩥ who are the ancestors of mitochondria Answer: proteobacteria
⩥ what size are normal microbes Answer: 10-100um
⩥ what type of microbes are less than 10um Answer: prokaryotes
⩥ what is the correct order of reagents in gram stain Answer: crystal
violet, idodine, ehtanol, safranin
⩥ in fluorescence micorscopy, the specimen absorbs incident light and
then re-emits a _____ energy and a _____ wavelength Answer: lower,
longer
⩥ which of the following microscopes allows the best view of bacterial
flagella during motility Answer: dark-field microscope
⩥ what type pf microscopy exploits differnces in refactive indices
between cell parts and surroundign media as well as all live cells
Answer: phase-contrst microscopy
,⩥ scanning electron microscopy Answer: specimen is fixed and
embedded, it cannot be used to view live specimen, provdes 3D image
of the specimen
⩥ atomic force microscope Answer: measures van der Waals forces,
example of scanning probe microscop e
⩥ what is the best method to examining the presensce of a chemical
structure with a diameter of 3nm? Answer: x-ray crystallography
⩥ what is the structure of prokaryotes that performs the same function as
mitochodria in eukaryotes Answer: cell membrane
⩥ lipids Answer: have ester linkages, while those of archaea have ether
linkages
⩥ component of peptidoglycan Answer: n-acetylmuramic acid, n-
acetylglucosamine, amino acids, peptide cross-links
⩥ prokaryotic outer membrane Answer: found in gram negative bacteria,
contains porins, contains toxic component, contains lipopolysaccharide
layer
, ⩥ prokaryotic chromosome Answer: has a single origin of replication
and then DNA is replicated bidirectionally
⩥ what does a stalked cell in caulobacter crescentus divide to reproduce
Answer: a stalked cell and a flagellated cell
⩥ what is an extension of the cytoplasm that attaches bacteria to a
surface called Answer: stalk
⩥ prokaryotic flagella Answer: driven by proton motice force, found in
both gram - and gram +, embedded in the cell envelope, used for
chemotaxis
⩥ limitations for koch's postulates Answer: not all microbes can be
grown in pure culture, sometimes the causing agent can be found in both
healthy and sick individuals, not all those infected develop disease, not
all pathogens have animal modes of infection
⩥ causality of koch's postulates Answer: mycobacterium tuberculosis>
tuberculosis, bacillus antracis>anthrax
⩥ association of koch's postulates Answer: men wear larger shoes and
are stronger than women. do large shoes make you stronger?
