NURS 170 Final Exam study guide questions
with Correct Answers
Respiratory Acidosis |
pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too much CO2 Is caused by
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath faster | | | | | |
Respiratory Alkalosis |
pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high. Caused by hyperventilation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treatments: Breath slower | |
Describe the difference between respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and nursing
| | | | | | | | | |
actions to treat each. | | |
- Respiratory Acidosis - pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too much
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath faster
| | | | | | | | | |
- Respiratory Alkalosis - pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high. Caused
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
| | | |
Metabolic acidosis |
Happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It happens when there is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in bicarbonate. The kidneys are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
,not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and leaves them in the blood. (ADD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROME)
Metabolic alkalosis |
Happens because of an increase of base which increases the amount of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or vomiting excessively.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Describe the difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
| | | | | | |
- Metabolic acidosis happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It
| | | | | | | | | | | |
happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
leaves them in the blood.
| | | |
- Metabolic alkalosis Happens because of an increase of base which increases the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or vomiting excessively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Explain the actions of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic IV solutions inside the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
body related to ICV and ECV.
| | | | |
- Isotonic: The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This works to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
expand fluid volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
| | | | | | | |
- Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes from
| | | | | | | | | | |
intra- to extra- cellular.
| | |
,- Hypotonic: Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients with
| | | | | | | | | | | |
brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular to intracellular. | |
Isotonic
- The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This works to expand fluid
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
| | | | | |
Hypotonic
- Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients with brain injuries.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from extracellular to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
intracellular.
Hypertonic
More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells and is used to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes from intra- to
| | | | | | | | | |
extra- cellular.|
Identity contraindications for use of hypotonic IV fluids.
| | | | | | |
- potonic fluids are contraindicated for people with brain injuries. This fluid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
causes the cells to swell and we don't want that happening in the brain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
, Identify which IV solutions are categorized as isotonic
| | | | | | |
- 0.9% NaCl (NS), Lactated ringers, and dextrose 5% in 0.9% of NaCl (D5NS), D5LR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypertonic
| | | | | | |
Saline 3% or 5% NaCl
| | | |
Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypotonic
| | | | | | |
- 0.225% NaCl ( 1/4NS), 0.45% NaCl (1/2NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), D5NS,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
D10W.
Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infection
| | | | | | | | | |
Fever, redness at the site, warmth, pain, pus coming from the wound.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infiltration
| | | | | | | | | |
This is when the catheter moves outside of the vein. S/S: swelling around the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
area, pale skin & no redness, and skin is cold to the touch. To treat take out
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
catheter and insert a new one in a new location.
| | | | | | | | |
with Correct Answers
Respiratory Acidosis |
pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too much CO2 Is caused by
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath faster | | | | | |
Respiratory Alkalosis |
pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high. Caused by hyperventilation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treatments: Breath slower | |
Describe the difference between respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and nursing
| | | | | | | | | |
actions to treat each. | | |
- Respiratory Acidosis - pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too much
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath faster
| | | | | | | | | |
- Respiratory Alkalosis - pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high. Caused
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
| | | |
Metabolic acidosis |
Happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It happens when there is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in bicarbonate. The kidneys are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
,not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and leaves them in the blood. (ADD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROME)
Metabolic alkalosis |
Happens because of an increase of base which increases the amount of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or vomiting excessively.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Describe the difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
| | | | | | |
- Metabolic acidosis happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It
| | | | | | | | | | | |
happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
leaves them in the blood.
| | | |
- Metabolic alkalosis Happens because of an increase of base which increases the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or vomiting excessively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Explain the actions of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic IV solutions inside the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
body related to ICV and ECV.
| | | | |
- Isotonic: The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This works to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
expand fluid volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
| | | | | | | |
- Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes from
| | | | | | | | | | |
intra- to extra- cellular.
| | |
,- Hypotonic: Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients with
| | | | | | | | | | | |
brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular to intracellular. | |
Isotonic
- The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This works to expand fluid
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
| | | | | |
Hypotonic
- Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients with brain injuries.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from extracellular to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
intracellular.
Hypertonic
More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells and is used to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes from intra- to
| | | | | | | | | |
extra- cellular.|
Identity contraindications for use of hypotonic IV fluids.
| | | | | | |
- potonic fluids are contraindicated for people with brain injuries. This fluid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
causes the cells to swell and we don't want that happening in the brain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
, Identify which IV solutions are categorized as isotonic
| | | | | | |
- 0.9% NaCl (NS), Lactated ringers, and dextrose 5% in 0.9% of NaCl (D5NS), D5LR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypertonic
| | | | | | |
Saline 3% or 5% NaCl
| | | |
Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypotonic
| | | | | | |
- 0.225% NaCl ( 1/4NS), 0.45% NaCl (1/2NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), D5NS,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
D10W.
Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infection
| | | | | | | | | |
Fever, redness at the site, warmth, pain, pus coming from the wound.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infiltration
| | | | | | | | | |
This is when the catheter moves outside of the vein. S/S: swelling around the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
area, pale skin & no redness, and skin is cold to the touch. To treat take out
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
catheter and insert a new one in a new location.
| | | | | | | | |
