ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2 PRACTICE
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Health and Wellness. Answer:
◉ Emergency Nursing Principles and Management. Answer:
◉ CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS. Answer:
◉ Meningtis. Answer:
◉ Seizures and Epilepsy. Answer: Rapid simultaneous firing of
neurons in the brain. Abrupt, abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled
electrical discharge of neurons in brain leading to alterations in LOC
and/or in motor and sensory ability and/or behavior
◉ Risk Factors for Seizures. Answer: - Genetic predisposition
- Acute febrile state (esp infants/children <2yr)
- Head trauma, cerebral edema, brain tumor, hypoxia
- Abrupt cessation of antiepileptic meds
- Infection, exposure to toxins
- Metabolic disorders (alkalosis)
,- Acute drug & alcohol w/drawal
- Stroke (most liekly w/in 24hr of stroke)
- Heart disease (older adults)
- Brain tumor (benign - from bulk of tumor; malignant - from
decrease in tissue functional ability)
- Hypoxia
- Acute substance withdrawal
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypernatremia,
hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, alkalosis)
◉ Other triggers. Answer: Triggers (increased physical activity,
excessive stress, fatigue, hyperventilation, acute alcohol ingestion,
excessive caffeine intake, exposure to flashing lights, other
substances like cocaine, aerosols, and inhaled glue products)
◉ [Generalized Seizures]. Answer: Seizure involving both cerebral
hemispheres
Can begin with an aura (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory,
emotional feeling)
5 different types of generalized seizures
◉ 1 Tonic Clonic (Grand-Mal) Seizure:. Answer: First few seconds of
tonic episode and loss of consciousness (breathing can stop)
,1-2 minute clonic episode (breathing can b/c irregular and be
accompanied by cyanosis)
- biting of cheek or tongue
- incontinence
- postictal state: confusion/sleepiness
◉ 2 Tonic Seizure. Answer: Only tonic phase
- sudden loss of consciousness
- increase in muscle tone
- autonomic manifestations (arrhythmia, apnea, vomiting,
incontinence, salivation)
- 30 s to several minutes
◉ 3 Clonic Seizure. Answer: Only clonic phase
- several minutes
- muscles contract and relax
◉ 4 Myoclonic Seizure. Answer: brief jerking or stiffening of the
extremities that may occur singly or in groups, lasting for just a few
seconds
, - symmetrical or asymmetrical
◉ 5 Atonic or Akinetic Seizure. Answer: muscle tone is lost for a few
seconds. A period of confusion follows. Loss of muscle tone
frequently results in falling.
◉ [Partial or Focal Seizure]. Answer: Involves only one cerebral
hemisphere
2 different types
◉ 1 Complex Partial Seizure. Answer: a partial seizure, starting from
a focus and remaining localized, that produces loss of consciousness
- associated automatisms (lip smacking, picking at clothes, eyelids
fluttering)
- amnesia prior to or after seizure
◉ 2 Simple Partial Seizure. Answer: Focal seizure in which
consciousness is NOT impaired
- unusual sensations
- deja' vu sense
- autonomic abnormalities like change in HR, abnormal flushing,
unilateral abnormal extremity mvmts, pain, or offensive smell
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Health and Wellness. Answer:
◉ Emergency Nursing Principles and Management. Answer:
◉ CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS. Answer:
◉ Meningtis. Answer:
◉ Seizures and Epilepsy. Answer: Rapid simultaneous firing of
neurons in the brain. Abrupt, abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled
electrical discharge of neurons in brain leading to alterations in LOC
and/or in motor and sensory ability and/or behavior
◉ Risk Factors for Seizures. Answer: - Genetic predisposition
- Acute febrile state (esp infants/children <2yr)
- Head trauma, cerebral edema, brain tumor, hypoxia
- Abrupt cessation of antiepileptic meds
- Infection, exposure to toxins
- Metabolic disorders (alkalosis)
,- Acute drug & alcohol w/drawal
- Stroke (most liekly w/in 24hr of stroke)
- Heart disease (older adults)
- Brain tumor (benign - from bulk of tumor; malignant - from
decrease in tissue functional ability)
- Hypoxia
- Acute substance withdrawal
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypernatremia,
hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, alkalosis)
◉ Other triggers. Answer: Triggers (increased physical activity,
excessive stress, fatigue, hyperventilation, acute alcohol ingestion,
excessive caffeine intake, exposure to flashing lights, other
substances like cocaine, aerosols, and inhaled glue products)
◉ [Generalized Seizures]. Answer: Seizure involving both cerebral
hemispheres
Can begin with an aura (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory,
emotional feeling)
5 different types of generalized seizures
◉ 1 Tonic Clonic (Grand-Mal) Seizure:. Answer: First few seconds of
tonic episode and loss of consciousness (breathing can stop)
,1-2 minute clonic episode (breathing can b/c irregular and be
accompanied by cyanosis)
- biting of cheek or tongue
- incontinence
- postictal state: confusion/sleepiness
◉ 2 Tonic Seizure. Answer: Only tonic phase
- sudden loss of consciousness
- increase in muscle tone
- autonomic manifestations (arrhythmia, apnea, vomiting,
incontinence, salivation)
- 30 s to several minutes
◉ 3 Clonic Seizure. Answer: Only clonic phase
- several minutes
- muscles contract and relax
◉ 4 Myoclonic Seizure. Answer: brief jerking or stiffening of the
extremities that may occur singly or in groups, lasting for just a few
seconds
, - symmetrical or asymmetrical
◉ 5 Atonic or Akinetic Seizure. Answer: muscle tone is lost for a few
seconds. A period of confusion follows. Loss of muscle tone
frequently results in falling.
◉ [Partial or Focal Seizure]. Answer: Involves only one cerebral
hemisphere
2 different types
◉ 1 Complex Partial Seizure. Answer: a partial seizure, starting from
a focus and remaining localized, that produces loss of consciousness
- associated automatisms (lip smacking, picking at clothes, eyelids
fluttering)
- amnesia prior to or after seizure
◉ 2 Simple Partial Seizure. Answer: Focal seizure in which
consciousness is NOT impaired
- unusual sensations
- deja' vu sense
- autonomic abnormalities like change in HR, abnormal flushing,
unilateral abnormal extremity mvmts, pain, or offensive smell
