PSYCH 121 EXAM 1 VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE
psychology - Answers - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - Answers - the process of examining and measuring one's own
thoughts and mental activities
functionalism - Answers - early perspective in psychology associated with William
James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work,
and play
Gestalt psychology - Answers - early perspective in psychology focusing on perception
and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole firgures
psychoanalysis - Answers - Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the
therapy based no it; an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the
revealing of unconscicous conflicts
behaviorism - Answers - the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior
only
psychodynamic perspective - Answers - modern version of psychoanalysis that is more
focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations
behind a person's behavior than sexual motivations
behavioral perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on how
behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning
humanistic perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on human
potential, free will, and possibility of self-actualization
cognitive perspective - Answers - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen
to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or expectancy about the
coming of the unconditioned stimulus
cognitive neuroscience - Answers - study of the physical changes in the brain and
nervous system during thinking
sociocultural perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on the
behavior of individuals as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other
individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture
, biophysical perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on
influences of hormones, brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.; human and
animal behavior as seen as a direct result of events in the body
evolutionary perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on the
biological bases for universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how
attractiveness influences mate selection, the universality of fear, and why we enjoy
things like music and dance
psychologist - Answers - a professional with an academic degree and specialized
training in one or more areas of psychology
psychiatrist - Answers - a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and
treatment of psychological disorders
psychiatric social worker - Answers - a social worker with some training in therapy
methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on
mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse
basic research - Answers - research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge
applied research - Answers - research aimed at answering real-world, practical
problems
scientific method - Answers - system of gathering data so that bias and error in
measurement are reduced
hypothesis - Answers - tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations
replicate - Answers - in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same
results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results
observer effect - Answers - tendency of people or animals to behave differently from
normal when they know they are being observed
participant observation - Answers - a naturalistic observation in which the observer
becomes a participant in the group being observed
observer bias - Answers - tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
case study - Answers - study of one individual in great detail
representative sample - Answers - randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger
population of subjects
GUIDE
psychology - Answers - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - Answers - the process of examining and measuring one's own
thoughts and mental activities
functionalism - Answers - early perspective in psychology associated with William
James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work,
and play
Gestalt psychology - Answers - early perspective in psychology focusing on perception
and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole firgures
psychoanalysis - Answers - Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the
therapy based no it; an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the
revealing of unconscicous conflicts
behaviorism - Answers - the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior
only
psychodynamic perspective - Answers - modern version of psychoanalysis that is more
focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations
behind a person's behavior than sexual motivations
behavioral perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on how
behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning
humanistic perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on human
potential, free will, and possibility of self-actualization
cognitive perspective - Answers - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen
to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or expectancy about the
coming of the unconditioned stimulus
cognitive neuroscience - Answers - study of the physical changes in the brain and
nervous system during thinking
sociocultural perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on the
behavior of individuals as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other
individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture
, biophysical perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on
influences of hormones, brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.; human and
animal behavior as seen as a direct result of events in the body
evolutionary perspective - Answers - psychological perspective that focuses on the
biological bases for universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how
attractiveness influences mate selection, the universality of fear, and why we enjoy
things like music and dance
psychologist - Answers - a professional with an academic degree and specialized
training in one or more areas of psychology
psychiatrist - Answers - a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and
treatment of psychological disorders
psychiatric social worker - Answers - a social worker with some training in therapy
methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on
mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse
basic research - Answers - research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge
applied research - Answers - research aimed at answering real-world, practical
problems
scientific method - Answers - system of gathering data so that bias and error in
measurement are reduced
hypothesis - Answers - tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations
replicate - Answers - in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same
results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results
observer effect - Answers - tendency of people or animals to behave differently from
normal when they know they are being observed
participant observation - Answers - a naturalistic observation in which the observer
becomes a participant in the group being observed
observer bias - Answers - tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
case study - Answers - study of one individual in great detail
representative sample - Answers - randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger
population of subjects
