MED SURG 2026 COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Medications for Constipation. Answer: A bulk forming laxative
includes methylcellulose, psyllium, and wheat dextrin. Senna and
bisacodyl are both stimulant laxatives and polyethylene glycol is an
osmotic agent used to cleanse the colon rapidly, usually before a
diagnostic study like a colonoscopy. Docusate is a fecal softener that
can be used safely by clients who should avoid straining, like when
having anal fissures.
Laxative osmotic: Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Colyte)
◉ Traveler's Diahhea Treatment. Answer: Bismuth salts have
antibacterial and antiviral activity and are over-the-counter. This
medication also has antisecretory and possibly anti-inflammatory
effects because of its salicylate component and is recommended for
traveler's diarrhea.
◉ Complications of Diarrhea. Answer: dehydration and electrolytes
(BMP)
The most common complication of diarrhea is dehydration.
Dehydration with electrolyte loss (especially loss of potassium) may
cause cardiac dysrhythmias which can be life threatening. Inspection
,of the abdomen, mucous membranes, and skin is important to
determine hydration status. Stool samples are obtained for testing.
The perianal area should also be assessed for skin excoriation.The
priority assessment should be labs CBC and BMP
◉ Anal Fissures vs. Hemorrhoids. Answer: Anal fissures may result
from the passage of the hard stool through the anus, tearing the
lining of the anal canal causing ulceration in the anal canal .
Hemorrhoids develop as a result of perianal vascular congestion
caused by straining.
◉ What medication requires a patient take A, D, E, & K
supplements?. Answer: Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor which
diminishes intestinal absorption and metabolism of fats. Clients
taking orlistat should take a multivitamin containing fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, and K) daily, at least 2 hours before or after taking
orlistat. Orlistat prevents absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from
food or multivitamin preparations if taken at the same time.
◉ S/S of Dumping Syndrome. Answer: Symptoms of dumping
syndrome typically occur 15 minutes to 2 hours after eating and
include tachycardia, dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, bloating,
abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. These symptoms typically
resolve once the intestine has been evacuated (i.e., with defecation).
Later, blood glucose rises rapidly, followed by increased insulin
secretion. This results in a reactive hypoglycemia, which also is
unpleasant for the patient
, ◉ Dumping Syndrome. Answer: Dumping syndrome is an
unpleasant set of vasomotor and GI symptoms that commonly
occurs in patients who have had bariatric surgery. For many years, it
had been theorized that the hypertonic gastric food boluses that
quickly transit into the intestines drew extracellular fluid from the
circulating blood volume into the small intestines to dilute the high
concentration of electrolytes and sugars, resulting in symptoms.
◉ Dietary Teaching after Bariatric Surgery. Answer: high nutrient
food, high protein
Fluids should be consumed up to 30 minutes prior to a meal, and 30
to 60 minutes after mealtime, but not with the meal.
◉ Populations at High Risk for Obesity. Answer: African Americans
of both gender have the highest risk of obesity. Hispanic women
have the next highest risk followed by white female Americans and
lastly Asian females
◉ Patient teaching about diet for IBD. Answer: There are no
universal food triggers for IBD, but some may find that certain foods
cause diarrhea.
A food diary helps to identify problem foods to avoid.
Because many patients with IBD are lactose intolerant, avoiding milk
and milk products improves symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients
can use yogurt as a substitute.
PAPER QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Medications for Constipation. Answer: A bulk forming laxative
includes methylcellulose, psyllium, and wheat dextrin. Senna and
bisacodyl are both stimulant laxatives and polyethylene glycol is an
osmotic agent used to cleanse the colon rapidly, usually before a
diagnostic study like a colonoscopy. Docusate is a fecal softener that
can be used safely by clients who should avoid straining, like when
having anal fissures.
Laxative osmotic: Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Colyte)
◉ Traveler's Diahhea Treatment. Answer: Bismuth salts have
antibacterial and antiviral activity and are over-the-counter. This
medication also has antisecretory and possibly anti-inflammatory
effects because of its salicylate component and is recommended for
traveler's diarrhea.
◉ Complications of Diarrhea. Answer: dehydration and electrolytes
(BMP)
The most common complication of diarrhea is dehydration.
Dehydration with electrolyte loss (especially loss of potassium) may
cause cardiac dysrhythmias which can be life threatening. Inspection
,of the abdomen, mucous membranes, and skin is important to
determine hydration status. Stool samples are obtained for testing.
The perianal area should also be assessed for skin excoriation.The
priority assessment should be labs CBC and BMP
◉ Anal Fissures vs. Hemorrhoids. Answer: Anal fissures may result
from the passage of the hard stool through the anus, tearing the
lining of the anal canal causing ulceration in the anal canal .
Hemorrhoids develop as a result of perianal vascular congestion
caused by straining.
◉ What medication requires a patient take A, D, E, & K
supplements?. Answer: Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor which
diminishes intestinal absorption and metabolism of fats. Clients
taking orlistat should take a multivitamin containing fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, and K) daily, at least 2 hours before or after taking
orlistat. Orlistat prevents absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from
food or multivitamin preparations if taken at the same time.
◉ S/S of Dumping Syndrome. Answer: Symptoms of dumping
syndrome typically occur 15 minutes to 2 hours after eating and
include tachycardia, dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, bloating,
abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. These symptoms typically
resolve once the intestine has been evacuated (i.e., with defecation).
Later, blood glucose rises rapidly, followed by increased insulin
secretion. This results in a reactive hypoglycemia, which also is
unpleasant for the patient
, ◉ Dumping Syndrome. Answer: Dumping syndrome is an
unpleasant set of vasomotor and GI symptoms that commonly
occurs in patients who have had bariatric surgery. For many years, it
had been theorized that the hypertonic gastric food boluses that
quickly transit into the intestines drew extracellular fluid from the
circulating blood volume into the small intestines to dilute the high
concentration of electrolytes and sugars, resulting in symptoms.
◉ Dietary Teaching after Bariatric Surgery. Answer: high nutrient
food, high protein
Fluids should be consumed up to 30 minutes prior to a meal, and 30
to 60 minutes after mealtime, but not with the meal.
◉ Populations at High Risk for Obesity. Answer: African Americans
of both gender have the highest risk of obesity. Hispanic women
have the next highest risk followed by white female Americans and
lastly Asian females
◉ Patient teaching about diet for IBD. Answer: There are no
universal food triggers for IBD, but some may find that certain foods
cause diarrhea.
A food diary helps to identify problem foods to avoid.
Because many patients with IBD are lactose intolerant, avoiding milk
and milk products improves symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients
can use yogurt as a substitute.
