Classics 2902 Ancient Medicine Approved Set Exam 1 with Correct Verified Answers 2026

CLASSICS 2902 Classics 2902 Ancient Medicine Approved Set Exam 1 with Correct Verified Answers 2026 What are the main developments affecting the preservation of medical texts? A. Change from book roll to codex B. Changes in Greek handwriting C. A & B D. No, not that one C. A & B The following inscription highlights what? "A voiceless boy. This boy came to the temple because of his voice. After he made the initial sacrifice and did the customary rites, the servant who carries around fire for the god looked over at the boy's father and ordered that he promise to give the thank offering within a year if he got the things for which he came. The boy suddenly said, "I promise." His father was astonished and ordered him to speak again, and he spoke again. And after this he became well." A. the importance of balance and honoring Asclepius B. the importance of divine intervention and honouring the goddess C. the importance of respecting the cultic prescription and pay the god D. the importance of respecting the cultic prescription and pay the goddess C. the importance of respecting the cultic prescription and pay the god The following passage is an example of what? "...and the wound of flawless, godlike Odysseus they bound up skillfully, and checked the black blood with a charm, and immediately returned to the house of their staunch father. And when Autolycus and the sons of Autolycus had fully healed him, and had CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 given him glorious gifts, they quickly sent him rejoicing back to his native land, to Ithaca." A. The use of practical and supernatural methods B. purely practical methods C. The use of incantations and divine intervention D. Exorcism and first aid A. The use of practical and supernatural methods "Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, come, mount your chariot, and let Machaon mount beside you, and swiftly drive your single-hoofed horses to the ships. For a healer is worth many other men for the cutting out of arrows and the sprinkling on of soothing herbs." This excerpt suggests that physicians were considered to be superior to others. True False True One could reasonably argue that: A. Philosophy prevented all medical advances B. Philosophy opened the door to medical developments C. Physicians envied the high-rolling lifestyle of philosophers D. Philosophers were always in agreement with each other B. Philosophy opened the door to medical developments Which of the following is a type of physician who could be found in ancient Mesopotamia? A. Sau B. Medicus C. Asû D. Enki CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 C. Asû What kind of healers would have been available to someone living in ancient Egypt? A. Machaon and Podalirius B. sau and swnw C. iatros and medicus D. Ašipu and Asû B. sau and swnw Contraceptives in antiquity were safe and 100% effective. True False False The following passage describes? "Before treatment the sick person should take little food, drink water for three days, and nothing on the day before. After must be seated in a chair directly facing the light, with the physician sitting opposite and a little higher. Attendant hold upper part of sick person's head. So eye will be treated may be made even more motionless, wool is placed over the other eye and tied. The left eye must be treated with the right hand, and the right eye with the left hand. The needle must be sharp, but not too thin. Inserted through upper two tunics in the middle between the dark of eye and close to temple, away from middle of cataract so no blood is hurt. But the needle must not be inserted timidly." A. The surgery and it's anatomical limitations B. Eye surgery, prayers, and practical tips C. Surgery, first aid, and post-surgical care D. pre-surgical care, the surgery, and practical tips D. pre-surgical care, the surgery, and practical tips The following passage suggests that alcohol had no medicinal value "during the end of the Western Han dynasty, Wang Mang's imperial edict mentioned CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 that liquor was viewed as the most significant medicine of all." True False False Which of the following are the basic principles of ancient Egyptian medicine? A. maat & heka B. Diet & Regimen C. Thoth & Sekhmet D. Chaos & disorder A. maat & heka ______________ is a type of psychological anesthesia A. Hypnosis B. Tylenol C. Garlic D. Opium A. Hypnosis A Roman style bath was characterized by: A. Meandering philosophers B. Variously heated rooms and communal pools C. Medicinal springs D. Various types of bath bombs B. Variously heated rooms and communal pools Due to their position of supreme power and attributes of wisdom and magic, this Mesopotamian deity is a popular choice for alleviating illness: A. Nergal CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 B. Utu C. Enki D. Marduk D. Marduk Which of the following is a limitation of rational medicine? A. There are no limitations B. It is only for the lower classes C. Only the emperor can use rational medicine D. The recommended lifestyle changes require a certain level of wealth D. The recommended lifestyle changes require a certain level of wealth Which of the following was not an option available in a Roman bath? A. hot, cold, tepid water B. hot stone massages C. humid and dry sweating D. anointing and rubbing B. hot stone massages Which of the following is not a type of text found in the Hippocratic corpus? A. Gray's anatomy B. Case notes C. Public orations D. Teaching handbooks A. Gray's anatomy What may be the purpose of the following inscription? "Cleo was pregnant for five years. Already pregnant for five years, she came to the god as a suppliant and slept in the sacred area. As soon as she came out of there and was outside the temple, she bore a son. Immediately after birth, he washed himself with the fountain waters and walked around together with his mother. Because she obtained these things, she inscribed on her dedication: "It is not the greatness of the tablet that CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 should be marveled at but the divinity since Cleo bore a burden in her belly for five years until she went to sleep inside and he made her well." A. to describe a miraculous birth and commemorate Cleo B. to describe the suffering of mothers and honour the goddess C. to convince Cleo to help and bring about new healings D. to convince other's of the god's power and inspire new healing A. to describe a miraculous birth and commemorate Cleo Which of the following is not a useful source of information about Greco-Roman medicine? A. Galen's works B. Papyri from the Greco-Roman world C. Da Vinci's sketches D. Epic poetry C. Da Vinci's sketches According to the following passage, which of the following is not a requirement for this surgery? "After this the sick person must be seated in a chair facing forward, in a bright place, directly facing the light, with the physician sitting opposite and a little higher. An attendant should hold onto the upper part of the sick person's head that will be treated, so that it remains motionless. For, with a small movement, sight can be snatched away permanently. So that the eye that will be treated may itself be made even more motionless, wool is placed over the other eye and tied up. The left eye must be treated with the right hand, and the right eye with the left hand. Then the needle must be applied, so sharp that it may pierce, but not too thin." A. The physician should have an elevated position CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 B. The patient must not be too old C. The patient must be immobilized as much as possible D. Sufficient lighting B. The patient must not be too old The following passage highlights what? "Upon them Cronus' son brings forth woe from the sky, famine together with pestilence, and the people die away; the women do not give birth, and the households are diminished by the plans of Olympian Zeus." A. The belief that diseases can be explained rationally B. The belief that Roman gods can cause infertility C. The belief that diseases can only ever occur on the individual level D. The belief that diseases can be divinely caused D. The belief that diseases can be divinely caused The Hippocratic 4 humours are: A. Bile, phlegm, urine, blood B. Urine, bile, blood, and water C. Water, urine, yellow bile, black bile D. blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm D. blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm Days on which she has been accustomed to be cleaned, and blood is left behind enclosed in her uterus. It is still possible that she will not perceive this very much for the first two or three months. But as months pass by, her suffering will continually increase, and she will not become pregnant as long as this persists; fever will seize her, especially on the days when she was accustomed to be cleaned, although of a mild sort. It is likely for her to have fever. Wherever blood becomes fixed in the body, edema forms with spasms of the body and, some of the other signs described above appear in women at one time or another. Which of the following is not true? CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 A. Women are considered to be polluted B. Excess blood can accumulate in certain parts of the body and cause disease C. There is a connection between menses and a woman's overall health D. Ancient doctors believed that fever accompanied a woman's monthly courses A. Women are considered to be polluted The "On Sacred Disease" is concerned with: A. prescribing recipes to cure fainting goats B. Explaining that the disease is caused by natural reasons and can be cured with rational treatments C. Describing the relationship of gods and humans in regards to health care D. Showing the divine nature of the disease B. Explaining that the disease is caused by natural reasons and can be cured with rational treatments Which of the following is an Etruscan deity associated with childbirth and general healing? A. Gula B. Isis C. Diana D. Athena C. Diana The following passage is an example of what? "Another (remedy) for the illness of half the head: Skull of a catfish, boil in oil, anoint the head with it for 4 days. A. Magical treatment B. Rational treatment C. Exorcism D. Byzantine folk medicine B. Rational treatment CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 The types of drugs available to a patient did not depend on their wealth. True False FALSE Someone feeling sick in 5th century BCE Athens could seek the help of ___________? A. Socrates B. A physikker C. A medicus D. An iatros D. An iatros What can we say about the following remedy? "Aloe relieves headache when applied on the temples and forehead with vinegar and rose-oil, or a more dilute mixture of it may be poured on them. A. It is a folk-medicinal remedy B. It is intended for wealthy patients C. It is intended for the lower classes D. It a traditional Roman remedy B. It is intended for wealthy patients Which of the following is true about Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman medical culture? A. The leaders of the pantheon have the same attributes B. The supreme god of the pantheon has the most power to influence healing C. Worship of the deities takes the same form in all cultures D. They all require the same type of sacrificial animals B. The supreme god of the pantheon has the most power to influence healing Increasing interest in the _________________ of scholars led to the Ptolemies and other Successors supporting the activities of libraries and museums. CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 A. Elimination B. Oratory C. Discrimination D. Patronage D. Patronage The medical treatises of Herophilus and Erasistratus are ____________? A. Difficult to assess because of their fragmentary state B. quoted extensively by Ptolemy C. Praised by Galen D. Difficult to understand because of their medical vocabulary A. Difficult to assess because of their fragmentary state Which of the following is not true about the Hippocratic Corpus? A. Galen said what is genuine and what is not B. The current form of the collection dates to the 1526 Aldine edition C. Hippocrates is the sole author of the collection D. There are about 60 texts in the collection C. Hippocrates is the sole author of the collection The following inscription provides evidence for what? "Phanostrate, obstetrician and physician (maia kai iatros), lies here, Causing pain to no one and missed by everyone when she died. A. The existence of charlatans B. Male physicians being honoured by the communities they served C. The existence of female physicians D. The great value of male physicans to their communities C. The existence of female physicians The combination of diet and exercise is known as ________________? A. Keto B. Pangenesis CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 C. Regimen D. Patronage C. Regimen Which of the following influences Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greco-Roman medical thinking? A. Detailed and accurate medical sketches B. Universally accepted medical theories C. Open-access journals D. Philosophy, Cosmology, and Religion D. Philosophy, Cosmology, and Religion Based on the following passage, who is the intended audience and what is the author's argument? A. Lay people; the author argues that there is no connection between environmental/ geographical/seasonal factors and health B. Lay people; the author argues that there is a connection between seasonal/ environmental/geographical factors and health C. Other physicians; the author argues that there is a connection between seasonal/ geographical/ environmental factors and health D. Other physicians; the author argues that there is no connection between seasonal/ environmental/geographical factors and health C. Other physicians; the author argues that there is a connection between seasonal/ geographical/ environmental factors and health 5th century BCE Greek physicians are concerned about_________? A. Regulating the medical profession so that the reputation of practitioners increases B. Not dying of the Athenian plague C. The latest antics of Socrates D. Drumming up enough business to make a living B. Not dying of the Athenian plague The explanation for the illness in the following passage refers to which medical notion/ theory? CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 A. Pangratata B. Pangenesis C. Panacea D. Panhellenism B. Pangenesis According to the following passage, what are the ideal qualities of a midwife? "A suitable person will be literate, with her wits about her, possessed of a good memory, loving work, respectablevand generally not unduly handicapped as regards her senses, sound of limb, robust, and, according to some people, endowed with long slim fingers and short nails at her fingertips. A. Being lower class, having a good bed-side manner, and having short hair B. Being literate, clear-headed, and physically well C. Having good hygiene, a good bed-side manner, and being literate D. Being literate and having Greek medical training B. Being literate, clear-headed, and physically well Which of the following is most likely true about Hippocrates? A. He travelled to Thessaly and died in his 20s B. He received his training within his family and kept his hair in a braid C. he was bald and died young D. He was born on Cos in the 5th century BCE, and travelled to Thessaly at some point in his life D. He was born on Cos in the 5th century BCE, and travelled to Thessaly at some point in his life Who is the author of the Natural History? A. Thucydides B. Galen CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 C. Pliny D. Celsus C. Pliny The following passage is an example of what? "May his excrement escape and come out, may the whirlwind inside him come out and see the sun! The incantation is not mine, it is the incantation of Asalluhi, exorcist of the gods, he cast it and I took it up. A. A Mesopotamian incantation B. An Egyptian incantation C. A Persian incantation D. An Indian incantation A. A Mesopotamian incantation One of the overarching notions concerning healing deities in the ancient world is: A. Their capricious nature B. They are hard of hearing C. Their ability to cause disease and cure it (duality of character) D. Their starring roles in Percy Jackson and the Olympians C. Their ability to cause disease and cure it (duality of character) Which of the following is not a characteristic of Roman religion with respect to medicine? A. New cults and deities were often introduced B. New deities were often merged with existing Etruscan/ Roman divinities C. Worship of deities only happened in public D. Any god could be approached for help with health concerns C. Worship of deities only happened in public Many Pre-Socratic philosophers were born in the city of _______________________ which was in Ionia. CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 A. Epidauros B. Alexandria C. Miletos D. Athens C. Miletos Who is likely the intended patient for the following passage? "For Pains of the Lower Belly and for Women Bitten by a Snake Crush celery with kohl and goose fat and apply in a pessary [device inserted into vagina]. Alternatively, take equal parts balsam tree sap, spikenard, and turpentine with three ounces of beeswax, three ounces of deer marrow, two ounces of hyssop, two ounces of saffron, four ounces of turpentine, two ounces of duck fat, four ounces of egg yolk, and a sufficient amount of rose oil. Alternatively, crush and apply honey, butter, Cyprian olive oil, and turpentine. A. Elite/ wealthy women B. Priests C. Lower class women D. Patricians A. Elite/ wealthy women Similia similibus remedies refer to: A. Using pollutant therapy B. Making the condition worse before it gets better C. Using the most expensive remedies D. Treating like with like D. Treating like with like The following passage provides evidence for what? "Then the wounded Eurypylus said to him:... But save me, and lead me to my black ship, and cut the arrow from my thigh, and wash the black blood from it with warm water, and sprinkle on it soothing herbs of healing power, which men say you have learned from Achilles. He spoke and grasping the shepherd of men below the chest led him to his hut. There CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 Patroclus made him lie stretched out, and with a knife cut from his thigh the sharp-piercing arrow, and from the wound washed the black blood with warm water, and on it cast a bitter root, when he had rubbed it between his hands, a root that slays pain, which stayed all his pains; and the wound began to dry, and the blood ceased to flow. A. Anatomical knowledge and divine intervention B. Exorcism and anatomical knowledge C. "First aid" knowledge and pharmaceutical knowledge D. Divine intervention and exorcism C. "First aid" knowledge and pharmaceutical knowledge A Hippocratic physician would most likely restore his patient's health through: A. Aggressively using blood-letting B. Refusing treatment immediately C. Performing surgery D. regulating his diet and exercise D. regulating his diet and exercise Which of the following is not an accurate statement about Chinese, Indian, and Greco Roman medicine? A. All cultures show continuous evidence for human dissection B. Lifestyle interventions are used to restore and maintain health C. Elements and humours have an effect on health D. Maintaining balance is essential for health A. All cultures show continuous evidence for human dissection Which of the following is not a quality of an ideal surgeon? A. A steady hand B. Advanced age C. Being ambidextrous D. Courage CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 B. Advanced age The popularity of the cult of Asclepius is evident by: A. The high level of employment of its practitioners B. The integration of his rituals into everyday life C. The establishment of sanctuaries across the Greco-Roman world D. The inclusion of prayers to Asclepius in civic worship C. The establishment of sanctuaries across the Greco-Roman world The Mesopotamian and Egyptian medical cultures have the following elements in common: A. Healers were not priests and all treatment was practical and rational B. careful observations, and deities cause illness C. deities cause illness, and only priests can cure them D. Deities cause illness and treatment was exclusively practical B. careful observations, and deities cause illness The following passage is an example of what? "O ghost, male or female, thou hidden, thou concealed one, who dwelleth in this my flesh, in these my limbs - get thee hence from this my flesh, from these my limbs. Lo, I brought thee excrements to devour! Beware, hidden one, be on your guard, concealed one, escape!" A. Similia similibus treatment B. Illness on the communal level C. Magical treatment D. Rational treatment C. Magical treatment Which of the following is not true about Hippocratic ideas of disease and health A. Conditions such as climate, age, and season affect health B. An imbalance of humours led to disease CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 C. Internal passages must remain unblocked to ensure health D. Theories about disease were universally agreed upon D. Theories about disease were universally agreed upon According to the following passage, medicine was divided into which categories? "The third part of medicine is that which treats by the hand, as is generally known and has been said by me. It does not disregard drugs and the regulation of diet, but it does most things by hand, and its effects among all the parts of medicine are most obvious. Because fortune accomplishes much in illnesses, and the same things are sometimes beneficial and sometimes empty. This can be understood from the eyes, which sometimes after being harassed for a long time by physicians, get better without them. This part of medicine, though it is extremely ancient, was developed more by Hippocrates, that parent of all medicine, than by earlier physicians." A. Surgery, Pharmacology, Regimen B. Regimen, divine intervention, luck C. humoral theory, surgery, and divine intervention D. Pharmacology, luck, and humoral theory A. Surgery, Pharmacology, Regimen Asclepius' healing qualities are closely associated with similar qualities in which of the following divinities? A. Athena B. Zeus C. Apollo D. Artemis C. Apollo Which of the following is not a way of dealing with epilepsy in Roman medical thinking? A. surgical methods B. covering the epileptic's head CLASSICS 2902 CLASSICS 2902 C. spitting on the epileptic as a safety precaution D. ketogenic diet A. surgical methods Who is known as a competent surgeon? A. Celsus B. Anaximander C. Erasistratus D. Pliny C. Erasistratus CLASSICS 2902