EMERGENCY NURSING STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Symptoms/Manifestions .
Answer: Manifestations:
-CNS dysfunction.
-elevated temperature of 40.6°C (105°F) or higher.
-hot dry skin.
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
-tachypnea.
-hypotension.
-tachycardia
‣ Management of the Patient with Heat Stroke . Answer: Use ABCs and
reduce temperature to 39.2°C (102°F) as quickly as possible.
Cooling methods:
-Cool sheets, towels, or sponging with cool water.
-Ice to neck, groin, chest, and axillae (armpits).
-Cooling blankets.
-Immersion in cold water bath.
‣ Management of pt with Heat stroke: Monitor/Meds . Answer: Monitor:
-temperature.
-Vital Signs.
-ECG, CVP, LOC, I&O.
-IVs to replace fluid losses.
Medications:
-anticonvulsant.
-potassium.
-sodium bicarbonate.
-benzodiazepines
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Frostbite . Answer: Trauma from exposure
to freezing temperature and freezing of fluid in the intracellular and
intercellular spaces.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Frostbite Manifestations . Answer:
Manifestations:
, -hard, cold, and insensitive to touch.
-may appear white or mottled.
-may turn red and painful as rewarmed.
-The extent of injury is not always initially known.
‣ Management of patient with Frostbite . Answer: -Controlled but rapid
rewarming.
-37° to 40°C circulating bath for 30- to 40-minute intervals.
-Analgesics for pain.
-Do not massage or handle.
-Iff feet are involved, do not walk.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Hypothermia . Answer: -Internal core
temperature is 35°C or less.
-Older adults, infants, persons with concurrent illness, homeless people,
and trauma victims are at risk.
-Alcohol ingestion increases susceptibility.
-Hypothermia may be seen with frostbite, and treatment of hypothermia
takes precedence.
-Physiologic changes in all organ systems.
-Monitor continuously.
‣ Management of the Patient with Hypothermia . Answer: -Use ABCs,
remove wet clothing, rewarm, supportive care.
Active core rewarming:
-Cardiopulmonary bypass
-warm fluid administration
-warm humidified oxygen,
-warm peritoneal lavage.
Passive external rewarming:
-Warm blankets and over the bed heaters.
-Note: Cold blood returning from the extremities has high levels of lactic
acid and can cause potential cardiac dysrhythmias and electrolyte
disturbances.
‣ Poisoning definition: . Answer: Any substance that when ingested,
inhaled, absorbed, applied to the skin, or produced within the body in
relatively small amounts, injures the body by its chemical action.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Symptoms/Manifestions .
Answer: Manifestations:
-CNS dysfunction.
-elevated temperature of 40.6°C (105°F) or higher.
-hot dry skin.
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
-tachypnea.
-hypotension.
-tachycardia
‣ Management of the Patient with Heat Stroke . Answer: Use ABCs and
reduce temperature to 39.2°C (102°F) as quickly as possible.
Cooling methods:
-Cool sheets, towels, or sponging with cool water.
-Ice to neck, groin, chest, and axillae (armpits).
-Cooling blankets.
-Immersion in cold water bath.
‣ Management of pt with Heat stroke: Monitor/Meds . Answer: Monitor:
-temperature.
-Vital Signs.
-ECG, CVP, LOC, I&O.
-IVs to replace fluid losses.
Medications:
-anticonvulsant.
-potassium.
-sodium bicarbonate.
-benzodiazepines
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Frostbite . Answer: Trauma from exposure
to freezing temperature and freezing of fluid in the intracellular and
intercellular spaces.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Frostbite Manifestations . Answer:
Manifestations:
, -hard, cold, and insensitive to touch.
-may appear white or mottled.
-may turn red and painful as rewarmed.
-The extent of injury is not always initially known.
‣ Management of patient with Frostbite . Answer: -Controlled but rapid
rewarming.
-37° to 40°C circulating bath for 30- to 40-minute intervals.
-Analgesics for pain.
-Do not massage or handle.
-Iff feet are involved, do not walk.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Hypothermia . Answer: -Internal core
temperature is 35°C or less.
-Older adults, infants, persons with concurrent illness, homeless people,
and trauma victims are at risk.
-Alcohol ingestion increases susceptibility.
-Hypothermia may be seen with frostbite, and treatment of hypothermia
takes precedence.
-Physiologic changes in all organ systems.
-Monitor continuously.
‣ Management of the Patient with Hypothermia . Answer: -Use ABCs,
remove wet clothing, rewarm, supportive care.
Active core rewarming:
-Cardiopulmonary bypass
-warm fluid administration
-warm humidified oxygen,
-warm peritoneal lavage.
Passive external rewarming:
-Warm blankets and over the bed heaters.
-Note: Cold blood returning from the extremities has high levels of lactic
acid and can cause potential cardiac dysrhythmias and electrolyte
disturbances.
‣ Poisoning definition: . Answer: Any substance that when ingested,
inhaled, absorbed, applied to the skin, or produced within the body in
relatively small amounts, injures the body by its chemical action.
