EMERGENCY NURSING FINAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
‣ Patient with Multiple Trauma: Priorities of Care . Answer: -Requires a
team approach.
-Determine extent of injuries and establish priorities of treatment.
-Assume cervical spine injury.
-Injuries interfering with vital physiologic function
have highest priority.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injuries . Answer: Blunt trauma or penetration injuries
that can cause massive life-threatening blood loss into abdominal cavity.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Spleen . Answer: Kehr's Sign: left shoulder pain.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Liver . Answer: Pain manifests in the right
shoulder.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Intraperitoneal & Retroperitoneal . Answer: -
Bruising on the flanks; Grey-Turner Sign.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Stab wound . Answer: Confirm wound extent via
sonography;
Sonography combines X-ray & contrast to identify cavities/tracts.
‣ Intra-abdominal Injuries: ED Treatment . Answer: Assessment &
Diagnostics should include:
-Patient History
-Abdominal assessment and assess other body systems for injuries that
frequently accompany abdominal injuries.
-Laboratory studies
-CT scan
-abdominal ultrasound
-diagnostic peritoneal lavage
‣ Management of the Patient with Intra-Abdominal Injuries . Answer: -
Ensure airway, breathing, and circulation
, -Immobilize cervical spine
-Continually monitor the patient
-Document all wounds
-If viscera are protruding, cover with sterile, moist saline
dressing
-Hold oral fluids
-NG tube to aspirate stomach contents
-Tetanus and antibiotic prophylaxis
- Rapid transport to surgery if indicated
‣ Complications of Crush Injuries . Answer: -Occurs when patient is caught
between opposing forces.
Assessment:
Hypovolemic shock (impaired circulation)
Spinal cord injury
Erythema and blistering
Fractures; usually extremity
Acute kidney injury
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Types . Answer: -
Nonexertional: prolonged exposure to an
environmental temperature >39.2°C (102.5°F).
-Exertional: caused by strenuous activity that occurs in hot environments.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Risks . Answer: -People not
acclimated to heat.
-older or very young people.
-ill or debilitated people.
-persons taking some medications are at high risk
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Symptoms/Manifestions .
Answer: Manifestations:
-CNS dysfunction.
-elevated temperature of 40.6°C (105°F) or higher.
-hot dry skin.
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
-tachypnea.
-hypotension.
-tachycardia
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
‣ Patient with Multiple Trauma: Priorities of Care . Answer: -Requires a
team approach.
-Determine extent of injuries and establish priorities of treatment.
-Assume cervical spine injury.
-Injuries interfering with vital physiologic function
have highest priority.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injuries . Answer: Blunt trauma or penetration injuries
that can cause massive life-threatening blood loss into abdominal cavity.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Spleen . Answer: Kehr's Sign: left shoulder pain.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Liver . Answer: Pain manifests in the right
shoulder.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Intraperitoneal & Retroperitoneal . Answer: -
Bruising on the flanks; Grey-Turner Sign.
‣ Intra-Abdominal Injury: Stab wound . Answer: Confirm wound extent via
sonography;
Sonography combines X-ray & contrast to identify cavities/tracts.
‣ Intra-abdominal Injuries: ED Treatment . Answer: Assessment &
Diagnostics should include:
-Patient History
-Abdominal assessment and assess other body systems for injuries that
frequently accompany abdominal injuries.
-Laboratory studies
-CT scan
-abdominal ultrasound
-diagnostic peritoneal lavage
‣ Management of the Patient with Intra-Abdominal Injuries . Answer: -
Ensure airway, breathing, and circulation
, -Immobilize cervical spine
-Continually monitor the patient
-Document all wounds
-If viscera are protruding, cover with sterile, moist saline
dressing
-Hold oral fluids
-NG tube to aspirate stomach contents
-Tetanus and antibiotic prophylaxis
- Rapid transport to surgery if indicated
‣ Complications of Crush Injuries . Answer: -Occurs when patient is caught
between opposing forces.
Assessment:
Hypovolemic shock (impaired circulation)
Spinal cord injury
Erythema and blistering
Fractures; usually extremity
Acute kidney injury
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Types . Answer: -
Nonexertional: prolonged exposure to an
environmental temperature >39.2°C (102.5°F).
-Exertional: caused by strenuous activity that occurs in hot environments.
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Risks . Answer: -People not
acclimated to heat.
-older or very young people.
-ill or debilitated people.
-persons taking some medications are at high risk
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
‣ Environmental Emergencies: Heat Stroke Symptoms/Manifestions .
Answer: Manifestations:
-CNS dysfunction.
-elevated temperature of 40.6°C (105°F) or higher.
-hot dry skin.
-anhidrosis (inability to sweat normally).
-tachypnea.
-hypotension.
-tachycardia
