Patho Exam 1 (Maryville
University - NURS611) LATEST
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% GURANTEED
PASS
Compensatory Hyperplasia - correct answer liver regenerates in 2 weeks after 70% is removed
Pathologic Hyperplasia - correct answer endometrial hyperplasia
Metaplasia - correct answer Replacement of cells
Example: normal columnar ciliated cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells. CAN BE REVERSED IF IRRITANT STOPS
Cellular Metabolism - correct answer ATP functions as the energy transferring molecule (Very
important).
Ischemia effects on ATP - correct answer A reduction in ATP levels causes the plamsa
membrane's Na+/K+ pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular
accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and
water then enter the cell freely - causing cellular swelling.
, Sodium-Potassium Pump - correct answer Three Na+ ions bind to the sodium-binding sites on
carrier's inner face, at the same time, an energy-containing ATP molecule produced by the
mitochondria binds to the carrier. The ATP dissociates, transferring its stored energy to the
carrier and the carrier then changes shape. The 3 Na+ ions are then released to the outside of
the cell and 2 K+ ions are attracted to potassium binding sites. The carrier returns to its original
shape and releases the two K+ ions and remaining ATP inside the cell.
Free Radical - correct answer An electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an
unpaired electron. To stabilize, the free radical gives up an electron to another molecule or
steals one, causing injurious chemical bonds with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates which are key
molecules in membranes and nucleic acids.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) - correct answer ROS play a major role in the initiation of
cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic
heart disease and chronic heart failure.
Cellular Injury and Lysosome Leakage - correct answer Lysosomes cause enzymatic digestion of
cellular organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus - halting synthesis of DNA and RNA
Cellular Injury and Ethanol - correct answer Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol into
acetyldehyde, which causes hepatic cellular disfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol - if
they are not functioning properly, the ethanol is turned to fat (fatty liver).
Cellular Injury and Radiation - correct answer Ionizing radiation is any form of radiation capable
of removing orbital electrons from atoms, resulting in the production of negatively charged free
electrons and positively charged ionized atoms. Damages DNA - BAD!
Aging and Cells/Tissues - correct answer -Muscular Atrophy (sarcopenia)
-Increased peripheral vascular resistance
-Decreased production of HCL and delayed stomach emptying
-Decreased immune response
University - NURS611) LATEST
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% GURANTEED
PASS
Compensatory Hyperplasia - correct answer liver regenerates in 2 weeks after 70% is removed
Pathologic Hyperplasia - correct answer endometrial hyperplasia
Metaplasia - correct answer Replacement of cells
Example: normal columnar ciliated cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells. CAN BE REVERSED IF IRRITANT STOPS
Cellular Metabolism - correct answer ATP functions as the energy transferring molecule (Very
important).
Ischemia effects on ATP - correct answer A reduction in ATP levels causes the plamsa
membrane's Na+/K+ pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular
accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and
water then enter the cell freely - causing cellular swelling.
, Sodium-Potassium Pump - correct answer Three Na+ ions bind to the sodium-binding sites on
carrier's inner face, at the same time, an energy-containing ATP molecule produced by the
mitochondria binds to the carrier. The ATP dissociates, transferring its stored energy to the
carrier and the carrier then changes shape. The 3 Na+ ions are then released to the outside of
the cell and 2 K+ ions are attracted to potassium binding sites. The carrier returns to its original
shape and releases the two K+ ions and remaining ATP inside the cell.
Free Radical - correct answer An electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an
unpaired electron. To stabilize, the free radical gives up an electron to another molecule or
steals one, causing injurious chemical bonds with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates which are key
molecules in membranes and nucleic acids.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) - correct answer ROS play a major role in the initiation of
cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic
heart disease and chronic heart failure.
Cellular Injury and Lysosome Leakage - correct answer Lysosomes cause enzymatic digestion of
cellular organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus - halting synthesis of DNA and RNA
Cellular Injury and Ethanol - correct answer Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol into
acetyldehyde, which causes hepatic cellular disfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol - if
they are not functioning properly, the ethanol is turned to fat (fatty liver).
Cellular Injury and Radiation - correct answer Ionizing radiation is any form of radiation capable
of removing orbital electrons from atoms, resulting in the production of negatively charged free
electrons and positively charged ionized atoms. Damages DNA - BAD!
Aging and Cells/Tissues - correct answer -Muscular Atrophy (sarcopenia)
-Increased peripheral vascular resistance
-Decreased production of HCL and delayed stomach emptying
-Decreased immune response
