BIOD 101-MODULE 1 EXAM FLASHCARD

BIOD 101- MODULE 1 EXAM FLASHCARD What is Matter? - ANSWER Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and has mass. 1. The foundational building blocks of proteins are the organic compounds _________, which are held together by ________ bonds. - ANSWER Amino Acids, Peptide 2. A ________ is the substance being dissolved into another substance, while the _______ is the substance into which another substance is being dissolved. - ANSWER Solute, Solvent 3. ___________ are the most abundant lipids in living organisms. These compounds, commonly known simply as ___________, are an economical form of reserve fuel storage because when broken down they yield more than twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates. - ANSWER Triglycerides, fats 4. What type of ion carries a negative charge? - ANSWER Anions 5. True or False: If false, make the statement true: Essential elements are required only in small quantities - ANSWER False, Essential elements are required for human life OR Trace elements are required only in small quantities. 6. As part of the cytoskeleton, what are the roles of intermediate filaments? - ANSWER Intermediate filaments consist of a variety of fibrous protein subunits, coiled into cables. Since these filaments are made from a variety of protein types, their functions vary but can be perhaps best though of as tension bearing structures. They also form the nuclear lamina, and a different combination of proteins play a role in anchoring intestinal microvilli 7. True or False; If false, make the statement true: Biomacromolecules are said to be monomers because they contain many polymers. - ANSWER False: Biomacromolecules are said to be polymers because they contain many monomers 8. What type of cell junctions are tiny pores or channels that allow the passage of substances from cell to cell? - ANSWER Gap Junctions 9. True or False: If false, make the statement true: Passive transport is vital for moving essential nutrients into the cell. Should passive transport stop, the cell would cease to function. - ANSWER False - Active transport is vital for moving essential nutrients into the cell. Should active transport stop, the cell would cease to function. 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER Eurkaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane 11. What are the two main components of phospholipids? - ANSWER (1) A polar head group joined to (2) a non-polar tail group 12. _____________ is the diffusion of lipid-insoluluble molecules across a membrane? - ANSWER Facilitated Diffusion 13. True or False; If false, make the statement true: In rehydration reactions, a water molecule is lost from the ractant side of the chemical equation - ANSWER False, In dehydration reactions, a water molecule is lost from the reactant side of the chemical equation. 14. What type of passive transport relies on the tendency of solutes to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration? - ANSWER Simple diffusion 15. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear membrane. 16. What model of membrane structure proposes that the membrane is a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are either partially or entirely embedded? - ANSWER The fluid-mosaic model 17. Which of the following bonds generally exists between two non-metals? - ANSWER Covalent bond 18. What does the term voltage gated mean? - ANSWER The electrical potential within the membrane determines whether these channels are open or closed 19. True or False; If false, make the statement true: The shape of a protein is directly related to its function - ANSWER True 20. What are the three elements that make up the main structure of carbohydrates? - ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 21. Explain what happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution - ANSWER The cell will neither shrink nor swell because the solute concentration inside the cell equals the solute concentration outside the cell. 22. Name the three parts of a nucleotide - ANSWER (1) a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA) (2) A phosphate group (3) A nitrogen containing ring called a nitrogenous base 23. Which organelle of the cell is an extension of the outer membrane of the nucleus and often contains ribosomes? - ANSWER Mitochondria