FSHN 120 exam 2 || Guaranteed Pass.
what is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? correct answers simple
carbohydrates = monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) and disaccharides (lactose,
sucrose, and maltose)
complex carbohydrates = polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, and dietary fiber)
what are examples of glucose, fructose, and galactose? correct answers glucose - does not
generally occur by itself in foods; attaches to other sugars
fructose - found in fruits, vegetables, and high-fructose corn syrup
galactose - does not occur alone in foods; joins with glucose to create lactose
what are examples of lactose, maltose, and sucrose? correct answers lactose - milk sugar (dairy
products, including human breast milk)
maltose - malt sugar (does not generally occur independently in foods but as a by-product of
digestion)
sucrose - honey, maple syrup, fruits and vegetables
what is the most abundant sugar molecule in our diets and in our body? correct answers glucose -
the preferred energy source for the brain
which of the following are considered simple sugars? correct answers monosaccharides and
disaccharides
what are examples of polysaccharides? correct answers starch, glycogen, and fiber
what are examples of starch? correct answers grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, and barley),
legumes (peas, beans, and lentils) and tubers (potatoes and yams)
where do we store glycogen? correct answers in our muscles and liver; our body can metabolize
this stored glycogen to glucose when we need energy
, definition of total fiber? correct answers sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber
what are the three functions of CHO? correct answers 1. fuel daily activities and exercise
2. spare protein and prevent ketoacidosis (high ketone levels causing the blood to become very
acidic)
3. fiber helps us stay healthy
what is the primary goal of carbohydrate digestion? correct answers the break down
polysaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides that can then be converted to glucose
describe the steps involved in CHO digestion, absorption, and transport (in the organs) correct
answers organs = mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
1. in the mouth, chewing stimulates the secretion of saliva from salivary glands, which breaks
down starch into shorter polysaccharides and maltose
2. in the stomach, this salivary amylase is destroyed by acids. no carbohydrate digestion takes
place.
3. in the small intestine, pancreatic amylase breaks down the remaining starch into maltose and
specific enzymes (maltase, sucrase, and lactase) break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.
all of these monosaccharides are absorbed by the small intestine and enter the bloodstream.
4. in the large intestine, some carbohydrates pass into the large intestine undigested. bacteria
ferment these undigested carbohydrates and the remaining fiber is excreted.
describe the steps involved in CHO digestion, absorption, and transport (in the accessory organs)
correct answers accessory organs = salivary glands, pancreas, and liver
1. salivary amylase (produced by the salivary glands) breaks down starch into shorter
polysaccharides and maltose
2. the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are released into the small
intestine via the pancreatic duct
what is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? correct answers simple
carbohydrates = monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) and disaccharides (lactose,
sucrose, and maltose)
complex carbohydrates = polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, and dietary fiber)
what are examples of glucose, fructose, and galactose? correct answers glucose - does not
generally occur by itself in foods; attaches to other sugars
fructose - found in fruits, vegetables, and high-fructose corn syrup
galactose - does not occur alone in foods; joins with glucose to create lactose
what are examples of lactose, maltose, and sucrose? correct answers lactose - milk sugar (dairy
products, including human breast milk)
maltose - malt sugar (does not generally occur independently in foods but as a by-product of
digestion)
sucrose - honey, maple syrup, fruits and vegetables
what is the most abundant sugar molecule in our diets and in our body? correct answers glucose -
the preferred energy source for the brain
which of the following are considered simple sugars? correct answers monosaccharides and
disaccharides
what are examples of polysaccharides? correct answers starch, glycogen, and fiber
what are examples of starch? correct answers grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, and barley),
legumes (peas, beans, and lentils) and tubers (potatoes and yams)
where do we store glycogen? correct answers in our muscles and liver; our body can metabolize
this stored glycogen to glucose when we need energy
, definition of total fiber? correct answers sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber
what are the three functions of CHO? correct answers 1. fuel daily activities and exercise
2. spare protein and prevent ketoacidosis (high ketone levels causing the blood to become very
acidic)
3. fiber helps us stay healthy
what is the primary goal of carbohydrate digestion? correct answers the break down
polysaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides that can then be converted to glucose
describe the steps involved in CHO digestion, absorption, and transport (in the organs) correct
answers organs = mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
1. in the mouth, chewing stimulates the secretion of saliva from salivary glands, which breaks
down starch into shorter polysaccharides and maltose
2. in the stomach, this salivary amylase is destroyed by acids. no carbohydrate digestion takes
place.
3. in the small intestine, pancreatic amylase breaks down the remaining starch into maltose and
specific enzymes (maltase, sucrase, and lactase) break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.
all of these monosaccharides are absorbed by the small intestine and enter the bloodstream.
4. in the large intestine, some carbohydrates pass into the large intestine undigested. bacteria
ferment these undigested carbohydrates and the remaining fiber is excreted.
describe the steps involved in CHO digestion, absorption, and transport (in the accessory organs)
correct answers accessory organs = salivary glands, pancreas, and liver
1. salivary amylase (produced by the salivary glands) breaks down starch into shorter
polysaccharides and maltose
2. the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are released into the small
intestine via the pancreatic duct
