FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNATIONAL
AVIATION CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● What are the secondary flight controls? Answer: -Flaps, leading edge
devices, spoilers, and trim systems (we only use flaps and trim)
● what is the power plant and the propeller? Answer: -The power plant
is the piston engine system that provides power while the propeller
converts that power into a rotation that creates forward thrust.
● What kind of landing gear are on airplanes? Answer: -Tricycle gear,
and conventional gear.
● Explain the Fuel, oil, and hydraulics of a plane. Answer: -The fuel
system stores fuel in each wing, and also acts as a coolant keeping the
correct temperature while it's being delivered to the engine at the right
pressure. The two different fuel systems are gravity-feed (high-wing
(Cessna 172)) or pump-driven (low-wing).
-The oil system lubricates, cools, cleans, and seals the engine's internal
components. There are two different systems, a wet sump (like the
Cessna 172), which is stored in the engines crankcase sump at the base
of the engine, and a dry sump, which is stored in a separate tank that
helps with better cooling.
, -The Hydraulics system in smaller aircraft operate the pressure for the
wheel breaks, the power to lower and raise the landing gear, and adjusts
the constant speed propellers blade angles for the best performance. This
mineral-based hydraulic fluid is most common in small aircraft which
has kerosene-like petroleum product and good lubricating properties.
● Explain the electrical system. Answer: -The electrical systems main
components include a 28 volt system, a 60 amp alternator and a 24 volt
battery.
- The electrical systems overview consists of the:
-Alternator/generator (power production) - 60 ampere alternator
• Battery (power storage) - 24-volt main & standby batteries
• Master/battery switch (system control)
• Alternator/generator switch (charging system control)
• Bus bar (power distribution)
• Fuses and circuit breakers (circuit protection)
• Voltage regulator (charging system regulation)
• Ammeter/loadmeter (system monitoring)
• Associated electrical wiring (power transmission)
● Explain the certification requirements, recent flight experience, and
record keeping of a medical certificate. Answer: -Private pilot: must be
17, must speak, read, and write English, must get an instructor
AVIATION CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● What are the secondary flight controls? Answer: -Flaps, leading edge
devices, spoilers, and trim systems (we only use flaps and trim)
● what is the power plant and the propeller? Answer: -The power plant
is the piston engine system that provides power while the propeller
converts that power into a rotation that creates forward thrust.
● What kind of landing gear are on airplanes? Answer: -Tricycle gear,
and conventional gear.
● Explain the Fuel, oil, and hydraulics of a plane. Answer: -The fuel
system stores fuel in each wing, and also acts as a coolant keeping the
correct temperature while it's being delivered to the engine at the right
pressure. The two different fuel systems are gravity-feed (high-wing
(Cessna 172)) or pump-driven (low-wing).
-The oil system lubricates, cools, cleans, and seals the engine's internal
components. There are two different systems, a wet sump (like the
Cessna 172), which is stored in the engines crankcase sump at the base
of the engine, and a dry sump, which is stored in a separate tank that
helps with better cooling.
, -The Hydraulics system in smaller aircraft operate the pressure for the
wheel breaks, the power to lower and raise the landing gear, and adjusts
the constant speed propellers blade angles for the best performance. This
mineral-based hydraulic fluid is most common in small aircraft which
has kerosene-like petroleum product and good lubricating properties.
● Explain the electrical system. Answer: -The electrical systems main
components include a 28 volt system, a 60 amp alternator and a 24 volt
battery.
- The electrical systems overview consists of the:
-Alternator/generator (power production) - 60 ampere alternator
• Battery (power storage) - 24-volt main & standby batteries
• Master/battery switch (system control)
• Alternator/generator switch (charging system control)
• Bus bar (power distribution)
• Fuses and circuit breakers (circuit protection)
• Voltage regulator (charging system regulation)
• Ammeter/loadmeter (system monitoring)
• Associated electrical wiring (power transmission)
● Explain the certification requirements, recent flight experience, and
record keeping of a medical certificate. Answer: -Private pilot: must be
17, must speak, read, and write English, must get an instructor
