PCB4233 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Unit 1 - Answers - Unit 1
What is the best definition of immunity?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection - Answers - Answer:
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as
A. antibodies
B. immunoglobulin
C. complement
D. B cells
E. All of the above - Answers - Answer:
E. All of the above
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A. Macrophages
B. Mast cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Erythrocytes
E. T cells - Answers - Answer:
E. T cells
Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?
A. They are always derived from pathogens.
B. They are always proteins.
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
D. They must be microbial in origin.
TE. hey usually cause cellular damage. - Answers - Answer:
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells
,Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline?
A. TCR
B. BCR
C. PRR
D. Antibodies
E. All of the above - Answers - Answer:
C. PRR
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance?
A. Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development.
B. Individuals that have immune systems that respond to self-antigens do not survive to
reproduce.
C. Immune cells that react to self-antigens are turned off when they recognize self-
tissues.
D. Certain immune suppressive cytokines are maintained in tissues to dampen auto
reactive immune responses.
E. Peripheral tissues have mechanisms to kill T or B cells that respond to them. -
Answers - Answer:
A. Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development
Which of the following best describes chemokines?
A. Membrane receptors that detect the presence of soluble messengers in the
environment
B. Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area
C. Chemical messengers that induce cell differentiation
D. Transcription factors that induce the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion
E. Adhesion molecules that bind to the inside of blood vessels - Answers - B. Soluble
proteins that recruit specific cells to an area
Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune
responses?
A. Innate responses are stronger during the primary and less important during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust during primary
responses and stronger during secondary responses.
B. Innate responses are weaker during the primary and more robust during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are stronger during the primary and
weaker during secondary responses.
C. Innate responses are slower and weaker than adaptive responses.
, D. Adaptive responses are slower and weaker than innate responses.
E. Adaptive responses are required for effective immune responses, while innate
responses are not required. - Answers - Answer: A. Innate responses are stronger
during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while adaptive
responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during secondary
responses.
True or False?
The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently of one another -
Answers - Answer:
False
How do memory cells develop?
A. Upon reinfection, memory centers in the brain send signals to the bone marrow to
induce T-cell and B-cell differentiation.
B. Answer T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become
reactivated.
C. Innate cells are trained to activate new T cells and B cells more quickly with
secondary infection.
D. T cells and B cells from the primary infection slowly mutate their receptors over time,
priming themselves for the secondary response.
E. Innate cells modify their cell surface receptors to prepare for reinfection. - Answers -
Answer:
B. T and B cells from the primary response persis and become reactivated
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as
A. autoimmunity
B. immune deficiency.
C. hypersensitivities
D. neuroplasias
E. None of the above - Answers - Answer:
A. autoimmunity
All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment within
the body?
A. Thymus
B. Bone marrow
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer's patch
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Unit 1 - Answers - Unit 1
What is the best definition of immunity?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection - Answers - Answer:
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as
A. antibodies
B. immunoglobulin
C. complement
D. B cells
E. All of the above - Answers - Answer:
E. All of the above
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A. Macrophages
B. Mast cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Erythrocytes
E. T cells - Answers - Answer:
E. T cells
Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?
A. They are always derived from pathogens.
B. They are always proteins.
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
D. They must be microbial in origin.
TE. hey usually cause cellular damage. - Answers - Answer:
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells
,Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline?
A. TCR
B. BCR
C. PRR
D. Antibodies
E. All of the above - Answers - Answer:
C. PRR
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance?
A. Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development.
B. Individuals that have immune systems that respond to self-antigens do not survive to
reproduce.
C. Immune cells that react to self-antigens are turned off when they recognize self-
tissues.
D. Certain immune suppressive cytokines are maintained in tissues to dampen auto
reactive immune responses.
E. Peripheral tissues have mechanisms to kill T or B cells that respond to them. -
Answers - Answer:
A. Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development
Which of the following best describes chemokines?
A. Membrane receptors that detect the presence of soluble messengers in the
environment
B. Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area
C. Chemical messengers that induce cell differentiation
D. Transcription factors that induce the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion
E. Adhesion molecules that bind to the inside of blood vessels - Answers - B. Soluble
proteins that recruit specific cells to an area
Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune
responses?
A. Innate responses are stronger during the primary and less important during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust during primary
responses and stronger during secondary responses.
B. Innate responses are weaker during the primary and more robust during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are stronger during the primary and
weaker during secondary responses.
C. Innate responses are slower and weaker than adaptive responses.
, D. Adaptive responses are slower and weaker than innate responses.
E. Adaptive responses are required for effective immune responses, while innate
responses are not required. - Answers - Answer: A. Innate responses are stronger
during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while adaptive
responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during secondary
responses.
True or False?
The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently of one another -
Answers - Answer:
False
How do memory cells develop?
A. Upon reinfection, memory centers in the brain send signals to the bone marrow to
induce T-cell and B-cell differentiation.
B. Answer T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become
reactivated.
C. Innate cells are trained to activate new T cells and B cells more quickly with
secondary infection.
D. T cells and B cells from the primary infection slowly mutate their receptors over time,
priming themselves for the secondary response.
E. Innate cells modify their cell surface receptors to prepare for reinfection. - Answers -
Answer:
B. T and B cells from the primary response persis and become reactivated
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as
A. autoimmunity
B. immune deficiency.
C. hypersensitivities
D. neuroplasias
E. None of the above - Answers - Answer:
A. autoimmunity
All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment within
the body?
A. Thymus
B. Bone marrow
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer's patch
