Anatomy and Physiology 1 Post-test- Questions and answers clearly explained

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell? ️️ It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell while maintaining homeostasis How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion? ️️ Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins to move substances across the membrane, while simple diffusion does not What is the role of the nucleus in a cell? ️️ It stores genetic material and controls cellular activities What is the function of mitochondria? ️️ They produce ATP through cellular respiration How does the structure of the cell membrane support its function? ️️ The phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins allows selective permeability What is homeostasis? ️️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment What is the function of ribosomes? ️️ They synthesize proteins How do lysosomes contribute to cellular health? ️️ They break down waste materials and cellular debris What is the difference between tissues and organs? ️️ Tissues are groups of similar cells, while organs are structures made of multiple tissues What are the four basic types of tissues in the body? ️️ Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues What is the primary function of epithelial tissue? ️️ Protection, absorption, and secretion How does connective tissue support the body? ️️ It provides structure, support, and transport 2 What is the function of muscle tissue? ️️ It enables movement through contraction What is the function of nervous tissue? ️️ It transmits electrical signals for communication What is the role of the integumentary system? ️️ It protects the body and regulates temperature What are the layers of the skin? ️️ Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis What is keratin and its role? ️️ A protein that strengthens and waterproofs the skin How does the skeletal system contribute to homeostasis? ️️ It supports the body, protects organs, and stores minerals What is the function of bone marrow? ️️ It produces blood cells What is the difference between compact and spongy bone? ️️ Compact bone is dense, while spongy bone is porous and lightweight What is the role of calcium in the body? ️️ It is essential for bone strength, muscle contraction, and nerve function What is a synovial joint? ️️ A freely movable joint with fluid-filled cavity What is the function of cartilage? ️️ It cushions joints and reduces friction What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? ️️ Voluntary muscles are consciously controlled, involuntary are not What is the role of the nervous system? ️️ It coordinates body activities and responds to stimuli What is a neuron? ️️ A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses What is the function of the spinal cord? ️️ It transmits signals between the brain and body and controls reflexes 3 What is a reflex action? ️️ A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus What is the role of neurotransmitters? ️️ They transmit signals between neurons What is the function of the endocrine system? ️️ It regulates body functions through hormones What is a hormone? ️️ A chemical messenger released into the bloodstream What is the function of the pituitary gland? ️️ It controls other endocrine glands What is negative feedback in physiology? ️️ A mechanism that reverses a change to maintain balance What is the role of the cardiovascular system? ️️ It transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes What is the function of the heart? ️️ It pumps blood throughout the body What is the difference between arteries and veins? ️️ Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry it toward the heart What is the role of capillaries? ️️ They allow exchange of substances between blood and tissues What is hemoglobin? ️️ A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen What is the function of the respiratory system? ️️ It facilitates gas exchange What is the role of the diaphragm? ️️ It helps in breathing by changing thoracic volume What is gas exchange? ️️ The process of oxygen entering blood and carbon dioxide leaving What is the function of the digestive system? ️️ It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients