VANESSA B. JEHU-APPIAH
APPROACH
ES IN
PSYCHOLO
GY
Origins of Psychology
Behaviourism: classical conditioning (Pavlov's
dogs), operant conditioning (Skinner'srats),
observable beaviour.
Social learning theory: Bandura, attention,
retention, reproduction, motivation, looks at both
behaviour and cognitive factors.
Cognitive approach: theoretical and computer
models, schema, focuses on influence of mental
processes i.e. thoughts.
Biological approach: biological structures affect
behaviour such as genes and the nervous system,
twin and family studies, evolution.
1
, VANESSA B. JEHU-APPIAH
Psychodynamic approach: Freud, how forces of
the mind control behaviour, the unconscious, id,
ego, superego.
Humanistic approach: Maslow's hierarchy of
needs, free will, self-actualisation.
2
, VANESSA B. JEHU-APPIAH
ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of the human
mind and its functions, especially those that
affect behaviour.
Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental
psychology lab in Germany in 1879 and he
used introspection.
Introspection: systematic analysis of one’s own
conscious experience
Introspection was the first attempt at studying
the mind.
It works by breaking up conscious thought into
thoughts, images and sensations.
He and his co-workers used techniques which
would be described as scientific today.
They done introspections in controlled conditions
using the same stimulus each time and they
used standardised instructions which allowed the
introspections to be repeated.
This shows us how Wundt had an influence on
modern scientific psychology, and moved away from
its more philosophical roots.
3
APPROACH
ES IN
PSYCHOLO
GY
Origins of Psychology
Behaviourism: classical conditioning (Pavlov's
dogs), operant conditioning (Skinner'srats),
observable beaviour.
Social learning theory: Bandura, attention,
retention, reproduction, motivation, looks at both
behaviour and cognitive factors.
Cognitive approach: theoretical and computer
models, schema, focuses on influence of mental
processes i.e. thoughts.
Biological approach: biological structures affect
behaviour such as genes and the nervous system,
twin and family studies, evolution.
1
, VANESSA B. JEHU-APPIAH
Psychodynamic approach: Freud, how forces of
the mind control behaviour, the unconscious, id,
ego, superego.
Humanistic approach: Maslow's hierarchy of
needs, free will, self-actualisation.
2
, VANESSA B. JEHU-APPIAH
ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of the human
mind and its functions, especially those that
affect behaviour.
Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental
psychology lab in Germany in 1879 and he
used introspection.
Introspection: systematic analysis of one’s own
conscious experience
Introspection was the first attempt at studying
the mind.
It works by breaking up conscious thought into
thoughts, images and sensations.
He and his co-workers used techniques which
would be described as scientific today.
They done introspections in controlled conditions
using the same stimulus each time and they
used standardised instructions which allowed the
introspections to be repeated.
This shows us how Wundt had an influence on
modern scientific psychology, and moved away from
its more philosophical roots.
3
