Final Exam Study Guide
Individual and Family Well-being Adults/Elderly
• Advance directives
- These are legal documents that direct care when the patient is unable to do so due to
sedation, comatose, etc…
- Nurses help process health care decisions (explaining medical terms) but aren’t allowed
to give advice (“you should do it because it worked for my brother”)
-
- Different types include
- Living will (should be written and witnessed)
- Durable medical power of attorney (someone patient trusts makes decisions for
them if patient is unresponsive)
• Caregiver burdens
- Great example of who portrays this is the sandwich generation (those who care for their
aging parents as well as their kids)
- Family and medical leave act (FMLA) is unpaid time off that allows person to care for
loved ones
- Manifestations of caregiver stress:
- Depression
- Burnout
- Guilt
- Isolation
- Sometimes caregivers for their families have to make sacrifices. Either it is sleep, work,
or self-care
- The stress of caregiving is real even if they love with all their heart
- To prevent burnout caregivers should get rest by accepting help from others, setting
realistic goals and connecting with others
• Community resources
- Adult day care: promotes and active lifestyle during the day by increasing socialization
- Older adult health center: offer care for those who have a serious medical condition
- Medicare: for elders and those on dialysis or ALS
- Part A: covers inpatient, hospice, and home health care
- Part B: covers medically necessary and preventive resources
- Part C: covers A and B but may involve out of pocket
- Part D: covers drugs
- Medicaid: for those with low income
- Someone can have both medicare and medicaid
• Hospice vs palliative care
- Hospice: A system that provides comfort and support to those who are at the end of life.
- Covers last 6-12 months of life
, - Patient can withdraw from hospice and resume as needed any time
- Palliative: A program that provides supportive care to a client who has serious medical
condition; focuses on pain and symptom relief.
• Growing elderly population
- As medicine improves the average age of life improves → more elders in the general
population
- More elders → more health issues like dementia, parkinson, etc…
- More health issues → more care needed for this population
- More education for how to properly care for this population
Children
• Child poverty
- Poverty: the financial inability to meet basic needs
- 15% of US children live in poverty
- Rates highest for non-hispanic black
- Rates also highest for those living in rural areas of the southern US
- Challenges for children living in poverty:
- Exposed to environmental hazards
- Safety risks
- Behavioral, cognitive, and socioemotional issues
- Long term can lead to heart disease, substance abuse, and depression
- Access to healthy nutrition
• Resources for children
- WIC - good resource for pregnant women and children for food
- SNAP - middleground for those who can’t get wic or medicaid
- The 8 danger zones to reduce deaths related to teen driving
• Access to healthcare limitations
- Rural locations
- Transportation limitations
- Lack of healthcare facilities
- Family’s ability to obtain health insurance
- Financial barrier
• Population with low breast-feeding rates
- Young mothers and low income families
- Minority groups (black) and low education level
- Working mothers with no maternity leave
• Car seat recommendations
- Car seats are primary prevention
- Car seats should be used with children younger than 8 years old
- Age group: Infants
- Type of seat: Rear-facing-only; rear-facing-convertible
Individual and Family Well-being Adults/Elderly
• Advance directives
- These are legal documents that direct care when the patient is unable to do so due to
sedation, comatose, etc…
- Nurses help process health care decisions (explaining medical terms) but aren’t allowed
to give advice (“you should do it because it worked for my brother”)
-
- Different types include
- Living will (should be written and witnessed)
- Durable medical power of attorney (someone patient trusts makes decisions for
them if patient is unresponsive)
• Caregiver burdens
- Great example of who portrays this is the sandwich generation (those who care for their
aging parents as well as their kids)
- Family and medical leave act (FMLA) is unpaid time off that allows person to care for
loved ones
- Manifestations of caregiver stress:
- Depression
- Burnout
- Guilt
- Isolation
- Sometimes caregivers for their families have to make sacrifices. Either it is sleep, work,
or self-care
- The stress of caregiving is real even if they love with all their heart
- To prevent burnout caregivers should get rest by accepting help from others, setting
realistic goals and connecting with others
• Community resources
- Adult day care: promotes and active lifestyle during the day by increasing socialization
- Older adult health center: offer care for those who have a serious medical condition
- Medicare: for elders and those on dialysis or ALS
- Part A: covers inpatient, hospice, and home health care
- Part B: covers medically necessary and preventive resources
- Part C: covers A and B but may involve out of pocket
- Part D: covers drugs
- Medicaid: for those with low income
- Someone can have both medicare and medicaid
• Hospice vs palliative care
- Hospice: A system that provides comfort and support to those who are at the end of life.
- Covers last 6-12 months of life
, - Patient can withdraw from hospice and resume as needed any time
- Palliative: A program that provides supportive care to a client who has serious medical
condition; focuses on pain and symptom relief.
• Growing elderly population
- As medicine improves the average age of life improves → more elders in the general
population
- More elders → more health issues like dementia, parkinson, etc…
- More health issues → more care needed for this population
- More education for how to properly care for this population
Children
• Child poverty
- Poverty: the financial inability to meet basic needs
- 15% of US children live in poverty
- Rates highest for non-hispanic black
- Rates also highest for those living in rural areas of the southern US
- Challenges for children living in poverty:
- Exposed to environmental hazards
- Safety risks
- Behavioral, cognitive, and socioemotional issues
- Long term can lead to heart disease, substance abuse, and depression
- Access to healthy nutrition
• Resources for children
- WIC - good resource for pregnant women and children for food
- SNAP - middleground for those who can’t get wic or medicaid
- The 8 danger zones to reduce deaths related to teen driving
• Access to healthcare limitations
- Rural locations
- Transportation limitations
- Lack of healthcare facilities
- Family’s ability to obtain health insurance
- Financial barrier
• Population with low breast-feeding rates
- Young mothers and low income families
- Minority groups (black) and low education level
- Working mothers with no maternity leave
• Car seat recommendations
- Car seats are primary prevention
- Car seats should be used with children younger than 8 years old
- Age group: Infants
- Type of seat: Rear-facing-only; rear-facing-convertible
