NR546 Final Exam
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer
270+
Key Solutions
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Correct Answer
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Question 2
Unipolar depression
Correct Answer
major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-
25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 82
,Question 3
Bipolar disorder (BD)
Correct Answer
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a history of one or more major
depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
Question 4
mania
Correct Answer
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem,
increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing
thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities.
Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
Question 5
Bipolar Type I:
Correct Answer
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is
required)
Question 6
Bipolar Type II:
Correct Answer
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last
for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or
hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to
diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.
Question 7
Cyclothymia:
Correct Answer
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a
major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 82
,Question 8
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
Correct Answer
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults younger than 25
Question 9
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as ________________.
Correct Answer
monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode
Question 10
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
Question 11
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
Question 12
monoamine hypothesis of depression
Correct Answer
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 82
, Question 13
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
Correct Answer
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs)
Question 14
SSRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects
Question 15
SNRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation
Question 16
NDRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
Adverse effects
-agitation
-headache
-dry mouth
-constipation
-weight loss
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 4 of 82
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer
270+
Key Solutions
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Correct Answer
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Question 2
Unipolar depression
Correct Answer
major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-
25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 82
,Question 3
Bipolar disorder (BD)
Correct Answer
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a history of one or more major
depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
Question 4
mania
Correct Answer
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem,
increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing
thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities.
Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
Question 5
Bipolar Type I:
Correct Answer
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is
required)
Question 6
Bipolar Type II:
Correct Answer
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last
for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or
hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to
diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.
Question 7
Cyclothymia:
Correct Answer
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a
major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 82
,Question 8
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
Correct Answer
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults younger than 25
Question 9
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as ________________.
Correct Answer
monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode
Question 10
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
Question 11
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
Question 12
monoamine hypothesis of depression
Correct Answer
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 82
, Question 13
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
Correct Answer
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs)
Question 14
SSRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects
Question 15
SNRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation
Question 16
NDRI's
Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
• inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
Adverse effects
-agitation
-headache
-dry mouth
-constipation
-weight loss
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 4 of 82
