Rutgers Biology 115 Exam 1 Review
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025/2026 Updated.
Analysis of ancient rocks has shown that the atmosphere of early Earth was very low in free
oxygen (O_2) and that simple organic compounds probably accumulated in shallow water.
Which of the following does this support?
a. Serial endosymbiosis
b. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
c. RNA world hypothesis
d. Oparin-Haldane hypothesis - Answer d. Oparin-Haldance hypothesis
Identify which statement best describes the term 'Chunking' with respect to learning
a. Learning sets of related information.
b. Studying several hours in one day.
c. Organizing the lecture notes alphabetically
d. Going to several lectures in one day. - Answer a. Learning sets of related information.
A brain injury results in the inability to recall old memories, but new memories can be formed.
Hypothesize which process was most likely affected.
a. Retrieval from LTM to STM
b. Encoding from LTM to STM
c. Encoding from STM to LTM
d. Retrieval from STM to LTM - Answer a. Retrieval from LTM to STM
Identify which of the following terms describes changes occurring at synapses that cause an
increase in synaptic transmission.
a. Neuronal Plasticity
b. Encoding
c. Retrieval
d. Long Term Potentiation - Answer d. Long Term Potentiation
Correctly SEQ memory formation starting with the stimulus from the environment?
I. Encoding to short term memory
II. Long term potentiation
III. Sensory memory storage
,IV. Long-term memory storage - Answer III, I, IV, II
Compare and Contrast long-term and short-term memory. Which of the following are TRUE?
I. Long-term memory is limited in capacity
II. Both are longer in duration than sensory memory storage
III. Short-term memory is unlimited in capacity
IV. Long-term memory is unlimited in duration - Answer II and IV
The transfer of information from short term memory to long term memory is called
a. Encoding
b. Plasticity
c. Stimulation
d. Remodeling - Answer a. Encoding
According to what is known about long term potentiation and memory formation, which of the
following are the best ways to prepare each week for workshop?
I. Read the lecture notes several times
II. Attend reviews and actively take notes while watching lecture
III. Make your own organizers for each of the outcomes
IV. Retype the notes several times and bring your laptop to workshop
V. Participate in study groups in which students teach each other the material from lecture -
Answer II, III, V
Which of the following interactions are ONLY intramolecular attractions?
I. Polar covalent bonds
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Nonpolar covalent bonds
IV. Ionic Bonds - Answer I and III
Compare and Contrast chemical bonds. Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) BOTH polar
covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
I. Result in the sharing of electrons
II. Always result in an electrically charged molecule
III. Require the involvement of a water molecule
IV. Are interactions involving electrons - Answer IV only
, Within a single water molecule, a hydrogen forms a _________________ bond with an atom of
______________.
a. Polar covalent, hydrogen
b. Polar covalent, oxygen
c. Hydrogen bond, oxygen
d. Hydrogen bond, hydrogen - Answer b. Polar covalent, oxygen
Compare and contrast emergent properties of water. Which of the following result from
attractions between water molecules?
a. Ice is more dense than liquid water
b. Cohesion results in surface tension
c. Water is a polar molecule
d. Water moves by osmosis - Answer b. Cohesion results in surface tension
Identify which of the following is/are TRUE about excited electrons?
I. The charge becomes positive
II. They move away from the atom's nucleus
III. They have higher kinetic energy
IV. They have higher potential energy - Answer II and IV
Identify which of the following is an example of emergence.
a. The mass of a large molecule is the sum of the mass of its atoms
b. Cells can be broken down into organelles and molecules
c. A water molecule has polarity
d. A bicycle can be broken down into small mechanical parts - Answer c. A water molecule
has polarity
Hypothesize what kind of bond is most likely to form between two atoms with a very small
difference in electronegativity
a. Hydrogen
b. Covalent
c. Peptide
d. Ionic - Answer b. Covalent
Identify which of the following statements correctly describes hydrolysis/
a. Endergonic
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025/2026 Updated.
Analysis of ancient rocks has shown that the atmosphere of early Earth was very low in free
oxygen (O_2) and that simple organic compounds probably accumulated in shallow water.
Which of the following does this support?
a. Serial endosymbiosis
b. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
c. RNA world hypothesis
d. Oparin-Haldane hypothesis - Answer d. Oparin-Haldance hypothesis
Identify which statement best describes the term 'Chunking' with respect to learning
a. Learning sets of related information.
b. Studying several hours in one day.
c. Organizing the lecture notes alphabetically
d. Going to several lectures in one day. - Answer a. Learning sets of related information.
A brain injury results in the inability to recall old memories, but new memories can be formed.
Hypothesize which process was most likely affected.
a. Retrieval from LTM to STM
b. Encoding from LTM to STM
c. Encoding from STM to LTM
d. Retrieval from STM to LTM - Answer a. Retrieval from LTM to STM
Identify which of the following terms describes changes occurring at synapses that cause an
increase in synaptic transmission.
a. Neuronal Plasticity
b. Encoding
c. Retrieval
d. Long Term Potentiation - Answer d. Long Term Potentiation
Correctly SEQ memory formation starting with the stimulus from the environment?
I. Encoding to short term memory
II. Long term potentiation
III. Sensory memory storage
,IV. Long-term memory storage - Answer III, I, IV, II
Compare and Contrast long-term and short-term memory. Which of the following are TRUE?
I. Long-term memory is limited in capacity
II. Both are longer in duration than sensory memory storage
III. Short-term memory is unlimited in capacity
IV. Long-term memory is unlimited in duration - Answer II and IV
The transfer of information from short term memory to long term memory is called
a. Encoding
b. Plasticity
c. Stimulation
d. Remodeling - Answer a. Encoding
According to what is known about long term potentiation and memory formation, which of the
following are the best ways to prepare each week for workshop?
I. Read the lecture notes several times
II. Attend reviews and actively take notes while watching lecture
III. Make your own organizers for each of the outcomes
IV. Retype the notes several times and bring your laptop to workshop
V. Participate in study groups in which students teach each other the material from lecture -
Answer II, III, V
Which of the following interactions are ONLY intramolecular attractions?
I. Polar covalent bonds
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Nonpolar covalent bonds
IV. Ionic Bonds - Answer I and III
Compare and Contrast chemical bonds. Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) BOTH polar
covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
I. Result in the sharing of electrons
II. Always result in an electrically charged molecule
III. Require the involvement of a water molecule
IV. Are interactions involving electrons - Answer IV only
, Within a single water molecule, a hydrogen forms a _________________ bond with an atom of
______________.
a. Polar covalent, hydrogen
b. Polar covalent, oxygen
c. Hydrogen bond, oxygen
d. Hydrogen bond, hydrogen - Answer b. Polar covalent, oxygen
Compare and contrast emergent properties of water. Which of the following result from
attractions between water molecules?
a. Ice is more dense than liquid water
b. Cohesion results in surface tension
c. Water is a polar molecule
d. Water moves by osmosis - Answer b. Cohesion results in surface tension
Identify which of the following is/are TRUE about excited electrons?
I. The charge becomes positive
II. They move away from the atom's nucleus
III. They have higher kinetic energy
IV. They have higher potential energy - Answer II and IV
Identify which of the following is an example of emergence.
a. The mass of a large molecule is the sum of the mass of its atoms
b. Cells can be broken down into organelles and molecules
c. A water molecule has polarity
d. A bicycle can be broken down into small mechanical parts - Answer c. A water molecule
has polarity
Hypothesize what kind of bond is most likely to form between two atoms with a very small
difference in electronegativity
a. Hydrogen
b. Covalent
c. Peptide
d. Ionic - Answer b. Covalent
Identify which of the following statements correctly describes hydrolysis/
a. Endergonic
