NUR 211 EXAM 2 GRADED A+|VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
1. Risk factors-modifiable/unmodifiable osteoporosis(ANSWER) UNMODIFIABLE
- family hx
- age/gender (age 35 and up) @#$%^&*()_poikjhbnm<>?
- european, americans, and asians
- chronic diseases
- current low bone mass in children
MODIFIABLE
- females athletes
- menopause
- calcium deficiency
- acidosis (high protein diet)
- substance abuse (smoking, alcohol)
- sedentary lifestyle
- medications (steroids)
- BMI low or high
POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
2. Clinical Manifestations Osteoporosis(ANSWER) - loss of height
- progressive curvature of spine
- low back pain=fractures
- fractures in forearm, spine, hips
3. Diagnostic Tests Osteoporosis(ANSWER) - DEXA scan (look for osteopenia)
- alkaline phosphate (high after fractures)
- serum bone GLA protein
4. Medication used-patient teaching, how to take, adverse reactions (Fos- amax-
patient teaching)(ANSWER) BISPHOSPHONATE - FOSAMAX
- encourage calcium intake (take with vitamin D)
- raises bone density and reabsorption
- take in the morning then stay up 1 hr after
- take on empty stomach
- GI upset, n/v, abd pain, esophageal irritation
, NUR 211 EXAM 2 GRADED A+|VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
- do not take if history with blood clots
- monitor kidney function
5. Pt teaching osteoporosis(ANSWER) - dietary management (high calcium, vegetables, beans, orange juice, dairy)
@#$%^&*()_poikjhbnm<>?
- weight bearing exercises 30 min/day, 4x a week (increases bone density)
- heat helps back pain
- start taking calcium supplements in 30s within 1 hr of eating (1000-2000mg daily)
- vitamin D (800-1000mg daily)
6. What is going on in body that causes PD symptoms (path/etiology)(ANSWER) -
progressive, degenerative neurological disorder
- tremors, muscle rigidity
- bradykinesia (slow movements)
- dopamine neurons decrease
- can no longer inhibit acetylcholine
- symptoms begin when 60-80% of dopamine lost
- starts unilateral then progresses to bilateral
7. Risk factors PD(ANSWER) - older age (>60)
- men > women
- family hx
- genetics for juvenile (PARK2)
- rural areas
NO CURE
8. Symptoms-motor/non-motor PD(ANSWER) MOTOR
- tremors (pill-rolling)
- rigidity (cogwheel/ jerky movements, stittness, tightness, heaviness, aching)
- bradykinesia (diflculty starting, continuing, coordination)
- abnormal posture (stooped, freezing)
- elimination issues (retention, constipation)
- retropulsion (falling backward)
NONMOTOR
- cognitive (memory loss, slowed thinking, and confusion)
2025/2026
1. Risk factors-modifiable/unmodifiable osteoporosis(ANSWER) UNMODIFIABLE
- family hx
- age/gender (age 35 and up) @#$%^&*()_poikjhbnm<>?
- european, americans, and asians
- chronic diseases
- current low bone mass in children
MODIFIABLE
- females athletes
- menopause
- calcium deficiency
- acidosis (high protein diet)
- substance abuse (smoking, alcohol)
- sedentary lifestyle
- medications (steroids)
- BMI low or high
POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
2. Clinical Manifestations Osteoporosis(ANSWER) - loss of height
- progressive curvature of spine
- low back pain=fractures
- fractures in forearm, spine, hips
3. Diagnostic Tests Osteoporosis(ANSWER) - DEXA scan (look for osteopenia)
- alkaline phosphate (high after fractures)
- serum bone GLA protein
4. Medication used-patient teaching, how to take, adverse reactions (Fos- amax-
patient teaching)(ANSWER) BISPHOSPHONATE - FOSAMAX
- encourage calcium intake (take with vitamin D)
- raises bone density and reabsorption
- take in the morning then stay up 1 hr after
- take on empty stomach
- GI upset, n/v, abd pain, esophageal irritation
, NUR 211 EXAM 2 GRADED A+|VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
- do not take if history with blood clots
- monitor kidney function
5. Pt teaching osteoporosis(ANSWER) - dietary management (high calcium, vegetables, beans, orange juice, dairy)
@#$%^&*()_poikjhbnm<>?
- weight bearing exercises 30 min/day, 4x a week (increases bone density)
- heat helps back pain
- start taking calcium supplements in 30s within 1 hr of eating (1000-2000mg daily)
- vitamin D (800-1000mg daily)
6. What is going on in body that causes PD symptoms (path/etiology)(ANSWER) -
progressive, degenerative neurological disorder
- tremors, muscle rigidity
- bradykinesia (slow movements)
- dopamine neurons decrease
- can no longer inhibit acetylcholine
- symptoms begin when 60-80% of dopamine lost
- starts unilateral then progresses to bilateral
7. Risk factors PD(ANSWER) - older age (>60)
- men > women
- family hx
- genetics for juvenile (PARK2)
- rural areas
NO CURE
8. Symptoms-motor/non-motor PD(ANSWER) MOTOR
- tremors (pill-rolling)
- rigidity (cogwheel/ jerky movements, stittness, tightness, heaviness, aching)
- bradykinesia (diflculty starting, continuing, coordination)
- abnormal posture (stooped, freezing)
- elimination issues (retention, constipation)
- retropulsion (falling backward)
NONMOTOR
- cognitive (memory loss, slowed thinking, and confusion)
