1 (a) Outline the ways in which the structures of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone
are similar.
In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.
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(b) The table below lists a number of statements about the functions of neurones. Indicate
whether each statement refers to:
• sensory neurones only (S)
• motor neurones only (M)
• sensory and motor neurones (B).
Statement S or M or B
Have a resting potential of approximately –70 mV B
Transmit nerve impulses from the CNS
Connect to other neurones via synapses
Connect to effectors
[3]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
,(c) The presence of a pathogen in the body can cause a fever. During a fever, the body’s
thermoregulatory set-point (normal body temperature) rises.
(i) Fever is accompanied by sweating.
Explain the effect that this sweating will have on the body.
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(ii) Another feature of fever may be uncontrollable shivering.
Suggest why shivering occurs during fever.
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(d) Hypothermia is a condition in which the body’s core temperature is lowered. Hypothermia can
affect people who take part in outdoor activities in winter without wearing suitable clothing.
Some people think that alcohol should be given to those who have hypothermia, as it makes
them feel warmer. Alcohol causes vasodilation.
Explain why it is not a good idea to give alcohol to someone with hypothermia.
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[Total : 12]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
, 2 The skin is important in enabling the body to detect changes in the environment. This allows the
body to respond to these changes.
(a) Various types of sensory receptor are located in the skin.
Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of a transverse section through a pressure receptor known as
a Pacinian corpuscle.
tip of
sensory
neurone
lamellae
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 is a diagram of a longitudinal section through a Pacinian corpuscle. The tip of the
sensory neurone is not covered by the myelin sheath.
tip of sensory neurone
myelin
sheath
lamella
Fig. 2.2
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
are similar.
In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.
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...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) The table below lists a number of statements about the functions of neurones. Indicate
whether each statement refers to:
• sensory neurones only (S)
• motor neurones only (M)
• sensory and motor neurones (B).
Statement S or M or B
Have a resting potential of approximately –70 mV B
Transmit nerve impulses from the CNS
Connect to other neurones via synapses
Connect to effectors
[3]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
,(c) The presence of a pathogen in the body can cause a fever. During a fever, the body’s
thermoregulatory set-point (normal body temperature) rises.
(i) Fever is accompanied by sweating.
Explain the effect that this sweating will have on the body.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Another feature of fever may be uncontrollable shivering.
Suggest why shivering occurs during fever.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Hypothermia is a condition in which the body’s core temperature is lowered. Hypothermia can
affect people who take part in outdoor activities in winter without wearing suitable clothing.
Some people think that alcohol should be given to those who have hypothermia, as it makes
them feel warmer. Alcohol causes vasodilation.
Explain why it is not a good idea to give alcohol to someone with hypothermia.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total : 12]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
, 2 The skin is important in enabling the body to detect changes in the environment. This allows the
body to respond to these changes.
(a) Various types of sensory receptor are located in the skin.
Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of a transverse section through a pressure receptor known as
a Pacinian corpuscle.
tip of
sensory
neurone
lamellae
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 is a diagram of a longitudinal section through a Pacinian corpuscle. The tip of the
sensory neurone is not covered by the myelin sheath.
tip of sensory neurone
myelin
sheath
lamella
Fig. 2.2
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
