GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING – FUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
HIGH-YIELD FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Nursing Process
Q1: What are the five steps of the nursing process and explain each briefly?
A1:
Assessment: Systematic collection of patient data (vital signs, health history, physical
exam).
Diagnosis: Identify actual or potential health problems using NANDA-I standards.
Planning: Set measurable and achievable patient goals; prioritize nursing interventions.
Implementation: Carry out the nursing interventions as planned.
Evaluation: Assess patient response to interventions and revise care plan as needed.
Q2: Name three types of nursing assessments.
A2:
Comprehensive Assessment: Full physical and health history.
Focused Assessment: Exam of specific problem or system.
Emergency Assessment: Rapid assessment in urgent situations.
Time-Lapsed Assessment: Comparison over time to evaluate progress.
2. Patient Safety and Infection Control
Q3: What are the five key strategies for preventing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?
A3:
1. Strict hand hygiene before and after patient contact.
2. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
3. Proper sterilization of instruments.
4. Environmental cleaning and waste management.
5. Isolation precautions when necessary.
, Q4: Describe the types of isolation precautions.
A4:
Contact Precautions: For infections spread by direct touch (e.g., MRSA).
Droplet Precautions: For infections spread by droplets (e.g., influenza).
Airborne Precautions: For infections spread via air (e.g., TB, measles).
Standard Precautions: Applied to all patients to prevent cross-contamination.
3. Vital Signs and Physical Assessment
Q5: List normal adult vital sign ranges.
A5:
Temperature: 36–37.5°C
Pulse: 60–100 bpm
Respirations: 12–20/min
Blood Pressure: 90/60–120/80 mmHg
Oxygen Saturation: ≥ 95%
Q6: What are the four techniques used in physical assessment?
A6:
Inspection: Observing the patient.
Palpation: Feeling with hands to assess texture, temperature, moisture.
Percussion: Tapping body parts to assess underlying structures.
Auscultation: Listening to internal body sounds (heart, lungs, bowel).
4. Medication Administration
Q7: What are the “Five Rights” of medication administration?
A7:
1. Right Patient – confirm identity using two identifiers.
2. Right Drug – verify correct medication.
3. Right Dose – confirm correct quantity.
4. Right Route – ensure proper administration method.
5. Right Time – give at the scheduled time.
CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
HIGH-YIELD FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Nursing Process
Q1: What are the five steps of the nursing process and explain each briefly?
A1:
Assessment: Systematic collection of patient data (vital signs, health history, physical
exam).
Diagnosis: Identify actual or potential health problems using NANDA-I standards.
Planning: Set measurable and achievable patient goals; prioritize nursing interventions.
Implementation: Carry out the nursing interventions as planned.
Evaluation: Assess patient response to interventions and revise care plan as needed.
Q2: Name three types of nursing assessments.
A2:
Comprehensive Assessment: Full physical and health history.
Focused Assessment: Exam of specific problem or system.
Emergency Assessment: Rapid assessment in urgent situations.
Time-Lapsed Assessment: Comparison over time to evaluate progress.
2. Patient Safety and Infection Control
Q3: What are the five key strategies for preventing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?
A3:
1. Strict hand hygiene before and after patient contact.
2. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
3. Proper sterilization of instruments.
4. Environmental cleaning and waste management.
5. Isolation precautions when necessary.
, Q4: Describe the types of isolation precautions.
A4:
Contact Precautions: For infections spread by direct touch (e.g., MRSA).
Droplet Precautions: For infections spread by droplets (e.g., influenza).
Airborne Precautions: For infections spread via air (e.g., TB, measles).
Standard Precautions: Applied to all patients to prevent cross-contamination.
3. Vital Signs and Physical Assessment
Q5: List normal adult vital sign ranges.
A5:
Temperature: 36–37.5°C
Pulse: 60–100 bpm
Respirations: 12–20/min
Blood Pressure: 90/60–120/80 mmHg
Oxygen Saturation: ≥ 95%
Q6: What are the four techniques used in physical assessment?
A6:
Inspection: Observing the patient.
Palpation: Feeling with hands to assess texture, temperature, moisture.
Percussion: Tapping body parts to assess underlying structures.
Auscultation: Listening to internal body sounds (heart, lungs, bowel).
4. Medication Administration
Q7: What are the “Five Rights” of medication administration?
A7:
1. Right Patient – confirm identity using two identifiers.
2. Right Drug – verify correct medication.
3. Right Dose – confirm correct quantity.
4. Right Route – ensure proper administration method.
5. Right Time – give at the scheduled time.
