COMSAE level 2 111
Prevalence vs prevalence
Prevalence - variety of instances at a particular time
Incidence - wide variety of recent cases
odds ratio vs relative hazard
odds ratio: for case manipulate research manipulate for ailment and observe exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio isn't always a fraction! So the bottom variety isn't always the entire its the unaffected
relative chance: for cohort studies that manage for exposures and have a look at who were
given the disease
prob getting dz uncovered/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used
case-manage studies
When is a relative risk ratio used?
RCT or Cohort take a look at
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual traits by means of age 13
failure of menarche by means of 16
not on time puberty in men
, no testicular boom has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal increase spurt has came about by age
18
constitutional increase put off
MCC of increase delay. Boom lags behind others in same age but stays steady. Often there's
circle of relatives history
Will have not on time bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cellular response
mild chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
happens in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/lower back ache
concave brittle nails
spoon nails due to iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weak spot, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy,
and loss of accommodation unexpectedly after consuming smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
all incoming patients should obtain a clinical screening exam. ONLY after the screening has
been carried out can a switch be finished and simplest if the alternative facility is higher
equipped to meet their desires
muscle groups and their innervation that reason foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
Prevalence vs prevalence
Prevalence - variety of instances at a particular time
Incidence - wide variety of recent cases
odds ratio vs relative hazard
odds ratio: for case manipulate research manipulate for ailment and observe exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio isn't always a fraction! So the bottom variety isn't always the entire its the unaffected
relative chance: for cohort studies that manage for exposures and have a look at who were
given the disease
prob getting dz uncovered/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used
case-manage studies
When is a relative risk ratio used?
RCT or Cohort take a look at
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual traits by means of age 13
failure of menarche by means of 16
not on time puberty in men
, no testicular boom has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal increase spurt has came about by age
18
constitutional increase put off
MCC of increase delay. Boom lags behind others in same age but stays steady. Often there's
circle of relatives history
Will have not on time bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cellular response
mild chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
happens in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/lower back ache
concave brittle nails
spoon nails due to iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weak spot, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy,
and loss of accommodation unexpectedly after consuming smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
all incoming patients should obtain a clinical screening exam. ONLY after the screening has
been carried out can a switch be finished and simplest if the alternative facility is higher
equipped to meet their desires
muscle groups and their innervation that reason foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
