HCR 240 Midterm Review AZC
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | A+ Score Assured
Innate Immunity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Non-specific immune response involving
physical and chemical barriers such as skin, pH of GI tract, and enzymes in
tears.
Monocyte - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A type of white blood cell that differentiates into
macrophages, migrates to tissues, phagocytizes, releases cytokines, and
presents antigens.
,Cytokines - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chemical signals produced by white blood cells
that regulate and coordinate the immune system and inflammation.
Natural killer cells (NK cells) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Granular lymphocytes that
destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells.
Acquired Immunity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Specific immune response involving
lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells.
T cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated
immunity.
B cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lymphocytes responsible for antibody-mediated
immunity (humoral immunity).
Antigen-presenting cells (APC's) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells such as
macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells that present antigens to activate
T cells.
CD4 cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Helper T cells that assist in the immune
response.
CD8 cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic T cells that kill infected or cancerous
cells.
, HIV - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A virus that damages CD4 cells, impairing the
immune system.
Immunoglobulins (Igs) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Antibodies produced by B cells,
with 5 subtypes: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE.
IgA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immunoglobulin mainly found in secretions such as
tears and breast milk; associated with selective IgA deficiency in infants.
IgE - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immunoglobulin present in low concentrations in the
blood; elevates during allergic reactions.
Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An overreaction of the immune system,
classified into 4 types.
Type I Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immediate hypersensitivity
response, including allergies such as urticaria and bronchial asthma.
Anaphylaxis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An overwhelming allergic response that can
lead to death within minutes.
Type II Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic hypersensitivity where
immunoglobulins attack antigens on cell surfaces, causing cell lysis.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | A+ Score Assured
Innate Immunity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Non-specific immune response involving
physical and chemical barriers such as skin, pH of GI tract, and enzymes in
tears.
Monocyte - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A type of white blood cell that differentiates into
macrophages, migrates to tissues, phagocytizes, releases cytokines, and
presents antigens.
,Cytokines - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chemical signals produced by white blood cells
that regulate and coordinate the immune system and inflammation.
Natural killer cells (NK cells) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Granular lymphocytes that
destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells.
Acquired Immunity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Specific immune response involving
lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells.
T cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated
immunity.
B cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lymphocytes responsible for antibody-mediated
immunity (humoral immunity).
Antigen-presenting cells (APC's) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells such as
macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells that present antigens to activate
T cells.
CD4 cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Helper T cells that assist in the immune
response.
CD8 cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic T cells that kill infected or cancerous
cells.
, HIV - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A virus that damages CD4 cells, impairing the
immune system.
Immunoglobulins (Igs) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Antibodies produced by B cells,
with 5 subtypes: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE.
IgA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immunoglobulin mainly found in secretions such as
tears and breast milk; associated with selective IgA deficiency in infants.
IgE - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immunoglobulin present in low concentrations in the
blood; elevates during allergic reactions.
Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An overreaction of the immune system,
classified into 4 types.
Type I Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Immediate hypersensitivity
response, including allergies such as urticaria and bronchial asthma.
Anaphylaxis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An overwhelming allergic response that can
lead to death within minutes.
Type II Hypersensitivity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytotoxic hypersensitivity where
immunoglobulins attack antigens on cell surfaces, causing cell lysis.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
