FIS 201 – Exam 1 Study Guide (Mohr, WVU, Part 5)
· Trier-of-fact - correct answer ✔✔ whoever determines guilt or innocence
demonstrative evidence - correct answer ✔✔ was not generated directly from the incident but
is created later.
Persistence - correct answer ✔✔ second part of the transfer process
· Identification - correct answer ✔✔ examination of the chemical and physical properties of an
object and using them to categorize the object as a member of a group
The strength of this association depends on a number of factorsThe strength of this association
depends on a number of factors - correct answer ✔✔ § Kind of evidence
§ Intra- and inter-sample variation
§ Amount of evidence
§ Location of evidence
§ Transfer and cross-transfer
§ Number of different kinds of evidence associated to one or more sources
· Individualization - correct answer ✔✔ at least one unique characteristic is found to exist in
both the known and the questioned samples
· Controls - correct answer ✔✔ -materials whose source is known and which are used for
comparison with unknown evidence.
· positive control - correct answer ✔✔ a material that is expected to give a positive result with
the test reagents and serves to show that the test is working properly.
, · negative control - correct answer ✔✔ -the results of the test are expected to come out
negative.
false positive - correct answer ✔✔ - when a positive or negative control is not used resulting in
a false positive
· Type I error - correct answer ✔✔ when someone is falsely incriminated because of a false
negative
false negative - correct answer ✔✔ Failure to run a positive control resulting in a false negative
· Type II error - correct answer ✔✔ a person may be falsely exonerated from a crime that he or
she really did commit.
· probative value - correct answer ✔✔ the data will be carefully examined to determine what
value it has in proving or disproving the hypothesis
· Anything that is used to determine or demonstrate the truth of assertion - correct answer ✔✔
Physical evidence
eyewitness testimony
expert opinion
· evidence demonstrates - correct answer ✔✔ o where and when somebody was located
o the identity of a person or object
o the actions that a person took
o that a particular instrument was used to do something
o people share a connection
· Trier-of-fact - correct answer ✔✔ whoever determines guilt or innocence
demonstrative evidence - correct answer ✔✔ was not generated directly from the incident but
is created later.
Persistence - correct answer ✔✔ second part of the transfer process
· Identification - correct answer ✔✔ examination of the chemical and physical properties of an
object and using them to categorize the object as a member of a group
The strength of this association depends on a number of factorsThe strength of this association
depends on a number of factors - correct answer ✔✔ § Kind of evidence
§ Intra- and inter-sample variation
§ Amount of evidence
§ Location of evidence
§ Transfer and cross-transfer
§ Number of different kinds of evidence associated to one or more sources
· Individualization - correct answer ✔✔ at least one unique characteristic is found to exist in
both the known and the questioned samples
· Controls - correct answer ✔✔ -materials whose source is known and which are used for
comparison with unknown evidence.
· positive control - correct answer ✔✔ a material that is expected to give a positive result with
the test reagents and serves to show that the test is working properly.
, · negative control - correct answer ✔✔ -the results of the test are expected to come out
negative.
false positive - correct answer ✔✔ - when a positive or negative control is not used resulting in
a false positive
· Type I error - correct answer ✔✔ when someone is falsely incriminated because of a false
negative
false negative - correct answer ✔✔ Failure to run a positive control resulting in a false negative
· Type II error - correct answer ✔✔ a person may be falsely exonerated from a crime that he or
she really did commit.
· probative value - correct answer ✔✔ the data will be carefully examined to determine what
value it has in proving or disproving the hypothesis
· Anything that is used to determine or demonstrate the truth of assertion - correct answer ✔✔
Physical evidence
eyewitness testimony
expert opinion
· evidence demonstrates - correct answer ✔✔ o where and when somebody was located
o the identity of a person or object
o the actions that a person took
o that a particular instrument was used to do something
o people share a connection
