FIS 201 – Final Exam Study Guide and Practice Questions
Identify schedules of drugs - ANS✔✔ Schedule 1: no currently accepted medical use and a high
potential for abuse (ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana, MDMA, ecstasy, peyote, quaaludes)
Schedule 2: drugs with a high potential for abuse, but with limited currently accepted medical
use (ex: cocaine, meth, methadone, oxycodone, Ritalin, Adderall)
Schedule 3: moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence (ex: Vicodin,
ketamine, anabolic steroids, Tylenol 3, testosterone)
Identify common drugs of abuse based on description - ANS✔✔ Depressants: opiates
(morphine, codeine), CNS depressants, extensively used in pain control
heroin: injection
black tar heroin: very black
benzodiazepines: depressants (anti exited, anti convulsive, muscle relaxants)
cannabis
amphetamines: stimulants and euphorics, prescribed medication, clandestine manufacture, ring
structure and a nitrogen
cocaine: stimulant and anesthetic
psychoactives: LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, alter perceptions and cognition
Identify the paraphernalia associated with drugs - ANS✔✔ Opiates: white (ish) powders, dark
clay like bricks, pills (normally processes prescription grade), patches
Heroin: Injection (drug, spoon, heat source, syringe)
smoking (black tar heroin): long pipe, long strip of foil
benzodiazepine: looks like pharmaceutical pills
cannabis: joints/blunts, bongs, dab rigs/dab nails, edibles
amphetamine: pills, crystals, pipes and needles
cocaine: powder, crack rocks, pipes
,psycho actives: blotter paper, peyote cactus bottoms, dried mushrooms
Associate the correct presumptive tests to identify different drugs - ANS✔✔ opiate
identification: marquis, mecke, mandalin (drug mixed with liquid, color change happens)
benzodiazepine: website, describe what pill looks like, narrow it down
cannabis: duquenois-levine reagent (purple), microscopy for cystolithic hairs
amphetamine: reagent testing chart with marquee, mecke, madalin, simons or lieberman)
cocaine: scott reagent (turns blue(, cociane wipes or spray bottle
Explain what the peaks represent in spectrographic, chromatographic and mass spectra -
ANS✔✔ Spectrophotometry: IR range, peaks tell us chemical makeup
Chromatography: components of mixtures will move at different rates depending on how
volatile they are, peaks reflect the relative amount of material present
mass spectroscopy: chemical can be defined by how they break up during ionization, mass over
charge ratio is a function of chemical structure, mass over function for significant peaks
Types of chromatography - ANS✔✔ thin layer: solid flat plate, measure distance of travel, use
with ink and ID or drugs
gas: long thin coated tube, measure time to emerge, size of peak, used more often with
materials that can be heated to gas form
liquid: short thick packed tube, measures same as gas, use with materials that dissolve easily,
proteins and metabolites
chromatograms are always compared to a standard reference sample on the same instrument,
must have physical sample to compare
List the steps of standard drug analysis - ANS✔✔ technique 1, record
technique 2, record
continue
do results agree?
, Identify the body tissues tested for exogenous chemicals - ANS✔✔ blood, urine, hair, saliva,
breath, gastric contents, vitreous humor, bile and liver
associate the common drugs of abuse with their method of absorption - ANS✔✔ alcohol:
absorbed into blood
methanol: acidifies blood, destroys retina
Explain how chemicals are metabolized in the body, using ethanol as a model - ANS✔✔ drunk,
absorbed into blood (stomach, small intestine, duration of consumption, alcohol content,
presence of food), circulation (interferes with NMDA receptor operation, impairs osmotic
pressure signals), oxidation (liver breaks downs complex chemicals), elimination through urine,
breath, sweat
Explain why immunoassays is widely used in toxicology - ANS✔✔ immunoassays test for drug
classes in urine or blood
strength of specific immunoassay signal: chromatography peak size, confirm with mass spec
Estimate likely effects of a compound given LD50 or dosage - ANS✔✔ LD50: the dose that kills
50% of the population
Explain how postmortem redistribution affects toxicological analysis - ANS✔✔ postmortem
redistribution: the movement of compounds out of blood and into solid tissues
Explain how fires are ignited and continue burning - ANS✔✔ combustion = burning
organic material + oxygen + energy to combine = carbon dioxide, water, heat and light (fire)
ignition = activation energy
flash point: vapors will burn given a spark
autoignition temperature: spontaneous burn
Identify schedules of drugs - ANS✔✔ Schedule 1: no currently accepted medical use and a high
potential for abuse (ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana, MDMA, ecstasy, peyote, quaaludes)
Schedule 2: drugs with a high potential for abuse, but with limited currently accepted medical
use (ex: cocaine, meth, methadone, oxycodone, Ritalin, Adderall)
Schedule 3: moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence (ex: Vicodin,
ketamine, anabolic steroids, Tylenol 3, testosterone)
Identify common drugs of abuse based on description - ANS✔✔ Depressants: opiates
(morphine, codeine), CNS depressants, extensively used in pain control
heroin: injection
black tar heroin: very black
benzodiazepines: depressants (anti exited, anti convulsive, muscle relaxants)
cannabis
amphetamines: stimulants and euphorics, prescribed medication, clandestine manufacture, ring
structure and a nitrogen
cocaine: stimulant and anesthetic
psychoactives: LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, alter perceptions and cognition
Identify the paraphernalia associated with drugs - ANS✔✔ Opiates: white (ish) powders, dark
clay like bricks, pills (normally processes prescription grade), patches
Heroin: Injection (drug, spoon, heat source, syringe)
smoking (black tar heroin): long pipe, long strip of foil
benzodiazepine: looks like pharmaceutical pills
cannabis: joints/blunts, bongs, dab rigs/dab nails, edibles
amphetamine: pills, crystals, pipes and needles
cocaine: powder, crack rocks, pipes
,psycho actives: blotter paper, peyote cactus bottoms, dried mushrooms
Associate the correct presumptive tests to identify different drugs - ANS✔✔ opiate
identification: marquis, mecke, mandalin (drug mixed with liquid, color change happens)
benzodiazepine: website, describe what pill looks like, narrow it down
cannabis: duquenois-levine reagent (purple), microscopy for cystolithic hairs
amphetamine: reagent testing chart with marquee, mecke, madalin, simons or lieberman)
cocaine: scott reagent (turns blue(, cociane wipes or spray bottle
Explain what the peaks represent in spectrographic, chromatographic and mass spectra -
ANS✔✔ Spectrophotometry: IR range, peaks tell us chemical makeup
Chromatography: components of mixtures will move at different rates depending on how
volatile they are, peaks reflect the relative amount of material present
mass spectroscopy: chemical can be defined by how they break up during ionization, mass over
charge ratio is a function of chemical structure, mass over function for significant peaks
Types of chromatography - ANS✔✔ thin layer: solid flat plate, measure distance of travel, use
with ink and ID or drugs
gas: long thin coated tube, measure time to emerge, size of peak, used more often with
materials that can be heated to gas form
liquid: short thick packed tube, measures same as gas, use with materials that dissolve easily,
proteins and metabolites
chromatograms are always compared to a standard reference sample on the same instrument,
must have physical sample to compare
List the steps of standard drug analysis - ANS✔✔ technique 1, record
technique 2, record
continue
do results agree?
, Identify the body tissues tested for exogenous chemicals - ANS✔✔ blood, urine, hair, saliva,
breath, gastric contents, vitreous humor, bile and liver
associate the common drugs of abuse with their method of absorption - ANS✔✔ alcohol:
absorbed into blood
methanol: acidifies blood, destroys retina
Explain how chemicals are metabolized in the body, using ethanol as a model - ANS✔✔ drunk,
absorbed into blood (stomach, small intestine, duration of consumption, alcohol content,
presence of food), circulation (interferes with NMDA receptor operation, impairs osmotic
pressure signals), oxidation (liver breaks downs complex chemicals), elimination through urine,
breath, sweat
Explain why immunoassays is widely used in toxicology - ANS✔✔ immunoassays test for drug
classes in urine or blood
strength of specific immunoassay signal: chromatography peak size, confirm with mass spec
Estimate likely effects of a compound given LD50 or dosage - ANS✔✔ LD50: the dose that kills
50% of the population
Explain how postmortem redistribution affects toxicological analysis - ANS✔✔ postmortem
redistribution: the movement of compounds out of blood and into solid tissues
Explain how fires are ignited and continue burning - ANS✔✔ combustion = burning
organic material + oxygen + energy to combine = carbon dioxide, water, heat and light (fire)
ignition = activation energy
flash point: vapors will burn given a spark
autoignition temperature: spontaneous burn
