NU 551 UNIT 3 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NU 551 UNIT 3 NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Neuron Structure - Answers cell body, dendrites, axon Neuron Structure: Cell Body (Soma) - Answers CNS-based; in PNS grouped in ganglia Neuron structure: Dendrites - Answers Carry impulses toward the cell body Neuron Structure: Axon - Answers Carries impulses away from the cell body Neuron Function Types - Answers -motor (efferent) -sensory (afferent) - Associational (interneurons) Neuron Functions: Motor (efferent) - Answers From CNS to effector organs Neuron Function: Associational (Interneurons) - Answers Neuron to neuron communication Neuron Function: Sensory (Afferent) - Answers From periphery to CNS Neuroglia - Answers supporting cells of the nervous system PNS and CNS PNS (peripheral nervous system) - Answers Schwann cells (myelinating & non-myelinating), satellite glial cells CNS (central nervous system) - Answers Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia Nerve Injury Response - Answers -Proximal swelling, increased protein synthesis, axonal sprouting. -Regeneration is limited, mostly in PNS and in myelinated fibers. Synapses - Answers Junctions for neurotransmission between neurons or to muscle Brain & Spinal Cord Structures - Answers Forebrain, Spinal Cord, Protective Structures Forebrain - Answers Includes lobes responsible for motor, sensory, and cognitive functions Spinal Cord - Answers Transmits signals between brain and body Protective Structures - Answers Skull, meninges, CSF Somatosensory System Function: - Answers Perceives touch, temperature, pain, and limb position Somatosensory System Components: - Answers Skin/tissue nerve endings Somatosensory System Discriminative modalities: - Answers Touch, proprioception, nociception Pain Theories - Answers specificity, pattern, gate control, neuromatrix Specificity Theory - Answers Dedicated pain pathways Pattern Theory - Answers Pain shares pathways with other modalities Gate Control Theory - Answers Spinal gating of sensory signals Neuromatrix Theory - Answers Brain networks create unique pain patterns Types of Pain - Answers Nociceptive vs Neuropathic cutaneous, deep somatic, visceral, referred Cutaneous pain - Answers Sharp, burning pain Origin in skin or subcutaneous tissues Deep somatic pain - Answers ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves throbbing Visceral Pain - Answers a poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs, or viscera Visual System Disorders - Answers Eyelid/optic globe issues, IOP (glaucoma), cataracts, retinal problems, and EOM dysfunction Ear Anatomy & Disorders - Answers external/middle inner Eustachian Tube inner ear External/Middle Ear disorders - Answers Sound transmission Inner ear disorders - Answers Hearing (cochlea) & balance (vestibular apparatus) Eustachian Tube Disorders - Answers Equalizes pressure, drains middle ear Inner ear disorders - Answers Tinnitus and Hearing Loss Tinnitus - Answers Ringing perception Hearing Loss - Answers Conductive, sensorineural, or mixed Vestibular Disorders - Answers disorders of the body's balance-controlling vestibular system in the inner ear vertigo and motion sickness Vertigo - Answers Illusion of movement causes: CNS lesions, tumors, ischemia, MS Motion sickness - Answers From vestibular overstimulation Hematomas - Answers masses of clotted blood in the tissues (bruises) Primary TBI - Answers Direct trauma (e.g., contusions, hematomas) Secondary TBI - Answers Inflammatory and hypoxic cascades Coup/Contrecoup Injuries - Answers Impact site vs opposite rebound injury