PRAXIS COMPUTER SCIENCES 5652 Q&As LATEST UPDATE
digital divide
the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who
do not.
Solutions to digital divide
*Increase affordability
Empowering usersImprove the relevance of online content Internet infrastructure
*developmentAddress gender gap in internet access
Creative Commons
A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative
work, as long as they give you credit for it.
Open Source
Software that is created for free use by everyone
Copyright
the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or
record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.
Abstraction
Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics.
Control abstraction
Don't care "How" it gets done
Data Abstraction
Representing or storing information with methods that separate layers of concerns so that the
programmer can work with information while ignoring lower-level details about how the
information is represented.
Abstraction allows....
you to modify "parts" of a program without messing up the larger program
Abstraction Hierarchy
Most general concepts on top of the hierarchy and specific concepts on the bottom
,pattern recognition
looking for similarities among and within problems
Problem Decomposition
The process of breaking a complex problem or system into parts that are easier to conceive,
understand, program, and maintain.
Binary
The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1.
Hexadecimal
A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers
from 0 to 15.
natural language
Person to Person
Oval (Flowchart)
start/end
Rectangle (flowchart)
Action or process
Dimond (Flowchart)
A choice
Arrow (flowchart)
Direction of a choice
Rhombus (flowchart)
Input / Output
Pseudocode
Shorthand notation for programming
Algorithm Analysis
, A general process that determines the amount of resources (such as time and storage)
necessary to execute any particular algorithm, most commonly using Big O notation, such as
O(N) or O(N^2)
Linear Search
Each item in the list is checked in order.
Binary Search
An ordered list is divided in 2 with each comparison.
Bubble Sort
Moving through a list repeatedly, swapping elements that are in the wrong order.
Merge Sort
A list is split into individual lists, these are then combined (2 lists at a time).
recursive algorithm
solves a problem by breaking that problem into smaller subproblems, solving these
subproblems, and combining the solutions.
Randomization
a process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups
Heuristic solution
*A problem-solving technique which sacrifices accuracy to increase speed
*Rules of Thumb
Linear Algorithm
Sequential search, searches by checking each element in a set.
Quadratic
degree of 2
exponential function
Constant ratio increase
logarithmic function
What exponent is needed to get a number
digital divide
the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who
do not.
Solutions to digital divide
*Increase affordability
Empowering usersImprove the relevance of online content Internet infrastructure
*developmentAddress gender gap in internet access
Creative Commons
A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative
work, as long as they give you credit for it.
Open Source
Software that is created for free use by everyone
Copyright
the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or
record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.
Abstraction
Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics.
Control abstraction
Don't care "How" it gets done
Data Abstraction
Representing or storing information with methods that separate layers of concerns so that the
programmer can work with information while ignoring lower-level details about how the
information is represented.
Abstraction allows....
you to modify "parts" of a program without messing up the larger program
Abstraction Hierarchy
Most general concepts on top of the hierarchy and specific concepts on the bottom
,pattern recognition
looking for similarities among and within problems
Problem Decomposition
The process of breaking a complex problem or system into parts that are easier to conceive,
understand, program, and maintain.
Binary
The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1.
Hexadecimal
A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers
from 0 to 15.
natural language
Person to Person
Oval (Flowchart)
start/end
Rectangle (flowchart)
Action or process
Dimond (Flowchart)
A choice
Arrow (flowchart)
Direction of a choice
Rhombus (flowchart)
Input / Output
Pseudocode
Shorthand notation for programming
Algorithm Analysis
, A general process that determines the amount of resources (such as time and storage)
necessary to execute any particular algorithm, most commonly using Big O notation, such as
O(N) or O(N^2)
Linear Search
Each item in the list is checked in order.
Binary Search
An ordered list is divided in 2 with each comparison.
Bubble Sort
Moving through a list repeatedly, swapping elements that are in the wrong order.
Merge Sort
A list is split into individual lists, these are then combined (2 lists at a time).
recursive algorithm
solves a problem by breaking that problem into smaller subproblems, solving these
subproblems, and combining the solutions.
Randomization
a process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups
Heuristic solution
*A problem-solving technique which sacrifices accuracy to increase speed
*Rules of Thumb
Linear Algorithm
Sequential search, searches by checking each element in a set.
Quadratic
degree of 2
exponential function
Constant ratio increase
logarithmic function
What exponent is needed to get a number
