NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 1 / LATEST NSG 3280 PATHO
1 EXAM 1 ACCURATE TEST 2026 COMPLETE 100 REAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION 2026 |GUARANTEED PASS
A+ |GUARANTEED PASS A+
A nurse is teaching a patient about cellular adaptation. If a patient’s heart is
required to pump against increased resistance chronically (like in hypertension),
the cardiac muscle cells will most likely undergo which adaptive change?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D. Hypertrophy
A patient who is a long-distance runner takes a month off due to an injury. Upon
returning to training, they notice they tire easily. This decrease in muscle cell size
is best described as:
A. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B. Atrophy
A smoker’s normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi are replaced by
stratified squamous epithelial cells that are better able to survive the smoke but
have lost their cilia. This process is known as:
A. Hyperplasia
,B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Metaplasia
A Pap smear reveals cells that vary in size and shape, with large, hyperchromatic
nuclei. This finding, which is potentially precancerous, is referred to as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: D. Dysplasia
A patient has a wound that is not healing. Upon assessment, the nurse notes a
purple discoloration of the dependent areas of the body. This discoloration is
most likely:
A. Ecchymosis
B. Livor mortis
C. Petechiae
D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: B. Livor mortis
Which type of necrosis is characteristically seen in the lungs due to tuberculosis,
giving it a "cheesy" appearance?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
,C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Correct Answer: D. Caseous necrosis
A patient with a bacterial infection in the brain is most likely to develop which
type of necrosis because of the high content of hydrolytic enzymes?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis
Correct Answer: B. Liquefactive necrosis
Dry gangrene, which results from coagulative necrosis, is primarily caused by:
A. Bacterial invasion with putrefaction
B. Venous obstruction
C. Arterial obstruction
D. Neurogenic injury
Correct Answer: C. Arterial obstruction
A patient with acute pancreatitis develops a calcified lesion in the abdomen due
to necrosis of the peritoneum. This type of necrosis is:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
, Correct Answer: C. Fat necrosis
A cell is deprived of oxygen. What happens to the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+)
pump, and what is the immediate consequence?
A. The pump functions normally, causing a net influx of potassium.
B. The pump fails due to lack of ATP, leading to an influx of sodium and water into
the cell.
C. The pump increases activity to compensate, causing the cell to shrink.
D. The pump pushes out all intracellular calcium, causing the cell to rupture.
Correct Answer: B. The pump fails due to lack of ATP, leading to an influx of
sodium and water into the cell.
Programmed cell death, which is a normal, controlled process that does not
trigger inflammation, is known as:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Atrophy
D. Autophagy
Correct Answer: B. Apoptosis
The release of intracellular contents through the damaged cell membrane,
leading to inflammation, is the key characteristic of:
A. Apoptosis
B. Metaplasia
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
1 EXAM 1 ACCURATE TEST 2026 COMPLETE 100 REAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION 2026 |GUARANTEED PASS
A+ |GUARANTEED PASS A+
A nurse is teaching a patient about cellular adaptation. If a patient’s heart is
required to pump against increased resistance chronically (like in hypertension),
the cardiac muscle cells will most likely undergo which adaptive change?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D. Hypertrophy
A patient who is a long-distance runner takes a month off due to an injury. Upon
returning to training, they notice they tire easily. This decrease in muscle cell size
is best described as:
A. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B. Atrophy
A smoker’s normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi are replaced by
stratified squamous epithelial cells that are better able to survive the smoke but
have lost their cilia. This process is known as:
A. Hyperplasia
,B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Metaplasia
A Pap smear reveals cells that vary in size and shape, with large, hyperchromatic
nuclei. This finding, which is potentially precancerous, is referred to as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: D. Dysplasia
A patient has a wound that is not healing. Upon assessment, the nurse notes a
purple discoloration of the dependent areas of the body. This discoloration is
most likely:
A. Ecchymosis
B. Livor mortis
C. Petechiae
D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: B. Livor mortis
Which type of necrosis is characteristically seen in the lungs due to tuberculosis,
giving it a "cheesy" appearance?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
,C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Correct Answer: D. Caseous necrosis
A patient with a bacterial infection in the brain is most likely to develop which
type of necrosis because of the high content of hydrolytic enzymes?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis
Correct Answer: B. Liquefactive necrosis
Dry gangrene, which results from coagulative necrosis, is primarily caused by:
A. Bacterial invasion with putrefaction
B. Venous obstruction
C. Arterial obstruction
D. Neurogenic injury
Correct Answer: C. Arterial obstruction
A patient with acute pancreatitis develops a calcified lesion in the abdomen due
to necrosis of the peritoneum. This type of necrosis is:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
, Correct Answer: C. Fat necrosis
A cell is deprived of oxygen. What happens to the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+)
pump, and what is the immediate consequence?
A. The pump functions normally, causing a net influx of potassium.
B. The pump fails due to lack of ATP, leading to an influx of sodium and water into
the cell.
C. The pump increases activity to compensate, causing the cell to shrink.
D. The pump pushes out all intracellular calcium, causing the cell to rupture.
Correct Answer: B. The pump fails due to lack of ATP, leading to an influx of
sodium and water into the cell.
Programmed cell death, which is a normal, controlled process that does not
trigger inflammation, is known as:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Atrophy
D. Autophagy
Correct Answer: B. Apoptosis
The release of intracellular contents through the damaged cell membrane,
leading to inflammation, is the key characteristic of:
A. Apoptosis
B. Metaplasia
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
