NUSA 207 – Final Exam Study Guide and Practice
Questions
4 phases of pharmacokinetics - ANS✔✔ absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
factors that influence metabolism rate (5) - ANS✔✔ age --> older adults require smaller does of
meds because of med accumulation
first-pass effect --> the liver can inactive certain meds when they pass thru the liver so they have
to be administered via a different route (e.g. IV, SL)
nutritional status --> malnourished clients may lack enzymes required to metabolize certain
meds
similar metabolic pathways --> can lead to med accumulation
increase in med-metabolizing enzymes --> if a medication is metabolized faster than expected
or other meds, it can require increased dosage
how should you administer ear drops to a pediatric client - ANS✔✔ have client sit straight up or
lie on their side
,pull auricle down and back
process of administering dry-powdered inhalers (DPI) - ANS✔✔ **do NOT shake before using**
exhale completely --> place mouthpiece between lips --> press button
hold breath for 5-10 seconds
where on the infant's body are IM medications administered - ANS✔✔ vastus lateralis
what is the z-track method - ANS✔✔ used for IM injections
pull the skin back on the injection site before administering med
appropriate needle size/length for IM injection - ANS✔✔ 22-25 gauge
1-1.5 inches long
appropriate needle size/length for SQ injection - ANS✔✔ 25-27 gauge
3/8 - 5/8 inches long
changes in older adult that might require changes in medication administration (5) - ANS✔✔
decreased organ function
,increased body fat, increased gastric pH
decreased protein binding sites, decreased lean body mass
influence from dz/chronic disorder
decreased total body water
isotonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ same osmolarity as body fluid
remains within extracellular fluid compartment --> distributed between intravascular +
interstitial spaces === increases intravascular volume
types of isotonic fluids (4) - ANS✔✔ 0.9% sodium chloride
lactated ringer's solution (LR)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
ringer's solution
what is the only fluid that should be given with blood products? - ANS✔✔ 0.9% normal saline
hypotonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ lower concentration of solutes than cells/body
fluid shifts from intravascular space --> both the intracellular + interstitial spaces
, what are hypotonic fluids used for? - ANS✔✔ hydrates the body
examples of hypotonic fluids (4) - ANS✔✔ 0.45% NS
0.33% NS
0.2% NS
D5W
hypertonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ higher solute concentration than body/cells
types of hypertonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ 3% NaCL
5% NaCL
5% Dextrose in 0.9% NS
5% Dextrose in 0.45% NS
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers
why might a nurse administer hypertonic fluids? - ANS✔✔ to decrease intracranial pressure
who should you NOT give D5W to? - ANS✔✔ infants, head injury,burn pts
Questions
4 phases of pharmacokinetics - ANS✔✔ absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
factors that influence metabolism rate (5) - ANS✔✔ age --> older adults require smaller does of
meds because of med accumulation
first-pass effect --> the liver can inactive certain meds when they pass thru the liver so they have
to be administered via a different route (e.g. IV, SL)
nutritional status --> malnourished clients may lack enzymes required to metabolize certain
meds
similar metabolic pathways --> can lead to med accumulation
increase in med-metabolizing enzymes --> if a medication is metabolized faster than expected
or other meds, it can require increased dosage
how should you administer ear drops to a pediatric client - ANS✔✔ have client sit straight up or
lie on their side
,pull auricle down and back
process of administering dry-powdered inhalers (DPI) - ANS✔✔ **do NOT shake before using**
exhale completely --> place mouthpiece between lips --> press button
hold breath for 5-10 seconds
where on the infant's body are IM medications administered - ANS✔✔ vastus lateralis
what is the z-track method - ANS✔✔ used for IM injections
pull the skin back on the injection site before administering med
appropriate needle size/length for IM injection - ANS✔✔ 22-25 gauge
1-1.5 inches long
appropriate needle size/length for SQ injection - ANS✔✔ 25-27 gauge
3/8 - 5/8 inches long
changes in older adult that might require changes in medication administration (5) - ANS✔✔
decreased organ function
,increased body fat, increased gastric pH
decreased protein binding sites, decreased lean body mass
influence from dz/chronic disorder
decreased total body water
isotonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ same osmolarity as body fluid
remains within extracellular fluid compartment --> distributed between intravascular +
interstitial spaces === increases intravascular volume
types of isotonic fluids (4) - ANS✔✔ 0.9% sodium chloride
lactated ringer's solution (LR)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
ringer's solution
what is the only fluid that should be given with blood products? - ANS✔✔ 0.9% normal saline
hypotonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ lower concentration of solutes than cells/body
fluid shifts from intravascular space --> both the intracellular + interstitial spaces
, what are hypotonic fluids used for? - ANS✔✔ hydrates the body
examples of hypotonic fluids (4) - ANS✔✔ 0.45% NS
0.33% NS
0.2% NS
D5W
hypertonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ higher solute concentration than body/cells
types of hypertonic IV fluid - ANS✔✔ 3% NaCL
5% NaCL
5% Dextrose in 0.9% NS
5% Dextrose in 0.45% NS
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers
why might a nurse administer hypertonic fluids? - ANS✔✔ to decrease intracranial pressure
who should you NOT give D5W to? - ANS✔✔ infants, head injury,burn pts
