NUR198 EXAM 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+
Normal bilirubin levels
0.2-1.2
Portal Hypertension
Increased pressure throughout the portal venous system that
results from obstruction of blood flow into and through the
damaged liver
Portal Hypertension patho
increased resistance
increased pressure between portal vein and inferior venacava
venous collaterals develop
abnormal varicoid vessels
Esophageal Varicies
result of Portal HTN
Risk of life threatening hemorrhage
Esophageal Varices manifestations
,Hypotension
Hematemesis
Melena
General deterioration
Hemorrhagic Shock
Nursing Management of client with bleeding esophageal
varicies
Frequent VS
Supplemental O2
Vasoconstrictive meds (Octerotide)
IV fluids, electrolytes, blood products
EGD
Balloon Tamponade
Hepatic Cirrhosis
liver disease characterized by degeneration and regeneration
of liver cells and (replacement) fibrosis
Hepatic cirrhosis types
alcoholic, postnecrotic, biliary
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
most common type of Cirrhosis
scar tissue characteristically surrounds poral areas
Post Necrotic cirrhosis causes
broad bands of scar tissues
Late result of previous bout of acute viral hepatitis
,Biliary Cirrhosos
Scarring occurs in liver around bile ducts
Results from chronic biliary obstruction and infections
less common
Risk factors of Hepatic Cirrhosis
Chronic alcohol abuse
Male
Chronic viral hepatitis (B/C)
Non Alcoholic steatohepatitis
Exposure to toxins
compensated cirrhosis presentation
abdominal pain
ankle edema
firm, enlarged liver
flatulent dyspepsia
Intermittent mild fever
Palmar Erythema
splenomegaly
unexplained epistaxis
Vascular spiders
decompensated cirrhosis
ascites, clubbing of fingers, continuous mild fever, epistaxis,
gonadal atrophy, hypotension, jaundice, muscle wasting,
purpura, sparse body hair, spontaneous bruising, weakness,
weight loss, white nails
, Hepatic Cirrhosis: Management
Decrease gastric distress and possibility of GI bleeding
Improve nutritional status
decrease ascites, fluid retention
Decrease fibrotic activities
promote rest
skin care
Ascties
accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Causes of ascites
Portal HTN
Hypoalbuminemia
Functions of Liver
Glucose metabolism, storage of glycogen
Ammonia conversion
Functions of liver
Protein/fat
Metabolism
Vitamin/Fe storage
Bile formation
Bilirubin excretion
Drug metabolism
Production of clotting factors
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+
Normal bilirubin levels
0.2-1.2
Portal Hypertension
Increased pressure throughout the portal venous system that
results from obstruction of blood flow into and through the
damaged liver
Portal Hypertension patho
increased resistance
increased pressure between portal vein and inferior venacava
venous collaterals develop
abnormal varicoid vessels
Esophageal Varicies
result of Portal HTN
Risk of life threatening hemorrhage
Esophageal Varices manifestations
,Hypotension
Hematemesis
Melena
General deterioration
Hemorrhagic Shock
Nursing Management of client with bleeding esophageal
varicies
Frequent VS
Supplemental O2
Vasoconstrictive meds (Octerotide)
IV fluids, electrolytes, blood products
EGD
Balloon Tamponade
Hepatic Cirrhosis
liver disease characterized by degeneration and regeneration
of liver cells and (replacement) fibrosis
Hepatic cirrhosis types
alcoholic, postnecrotic, biliary
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
most common type of Cirrhosis
scar tissue characteristically surrounds poral areas
Post Necrotic cirrhosis causes
broad bands of scar tissues
Late result of previous bout of acute viral hepatitis
,Biliary Cirrhosos
Scarring occurs in liver around bile ducts
Results from chronic biliary obstruction and infections
less common
Risk factors of Hepatic Cirrhosis
Chronic alcohol abuse
Male
Chronic viral hepatitis (B/C)
Non Alcoholic steatohepatitis
Exposure to toxins
compensated cirrhosis presentation
abdominal pain
ankle edema
firm, enlarged liver
flatulent dyspepsia
Intermittent mild fever
Palmar Erythema
splenomegaly
unexplained epistaxis
Vascular spiders
decompensated cirrhosis
ascites, clubbing of fingers, continuous mild fever, epistaxis,
gonadal atrophy, hypotension, jaundice, muscle wasting,
purpura, sparse body hair, spontaneous bruising, weakness,
weight loss, white nails
, Hepatic Cirrhosis: Management
Decrease gastric distress and possibility of GI bleeding
Improve nutritional status
decrease ascites, fluid retention
Decrease fibrotic activities
promote rest
skin care
Ascties
accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Causes of ascites
Portal HTN
Hypoalbuminemia
Functions of Liver
Glucose metabolism, storage of glycogen
Ammonia conversion
Functions of liver
Protein/fat
Metabolism
Vitamin/Fe storage
Bile formation
Bilirubin excretion
Drug metabolism
Production of clotting factors
