Lab Values to know:
Na: 135-145
K+: 3.5-5
Mag: 1.5-2.5 NUR 170 Exam 3 Review
Ca: 9.0-10.5 FACES of HF
Cl: 98-106 Heart Failure: F: Fatigue
Creatinine: 0.5-1.2 - Education: A: Limitations of Activities
o Diet should include limiting salt C: Chest congestion and cough
WBC: 5-10 mm3
intake to less than 2000g per day E: Edema
pH: 7.35-7.45
o Gradually increase walking to at
HCo3: 22-28 S: Shortness of Breath
least 3 times per week
PCO3: 35-45 o Take breaks during planned activities to prevent tiring
Glucose: 70-110 - Left Sided Heart Failure:
Post Prandial: <180 o Crackles, cough, confusion, wet cough, change in LOC with
A1C: <6 exacerbation
APTT: 30-40 seconds - Right sided Heart Failure:
o Pitting edema, fatigue, dependent edema
(sacral edema) o Swollen limbs due to deoxygenated blood pooling - Medications:
- Furosemide:
o Increase potassium in diet, monitor daily weights, report any increase in muscle
weakness to PCP
o Watch for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia: fatigue and muscle weakness
(report to PCP immediately)
- Valsartan (HCTZ) o Education should include notifying HCP if experiencing dizziness o Lab work
will need to be done to monitor kidney functions o Be sure to advise getting up slowly dangling
on side of bed after laying down-orthostatic hypotension
Hypertension:
- Non-pharmacological management: Reduce stress, learning relaxation techniques
EKG:
- Always look at the rate before the rhythm
- QRS duration should be 0.08 seconds
- When seeing an irregular cardiac rhythm on an EKG, remember to FIRST ASSESS THE
PATIENT/PULSE
- If an EKG strip is showing sinus bradycardia and they have heart failure and are symptomatic
(confusion, low BP, ect) call HCP and get an order for
Atropine o Bradycardia: HR below 60 Peripheral Artery Disease:
- Expected finding: Dependent rubor of the extremities o
Rubor: red and swollen Amputations:
- Treat phantom limb pain with Gabapentin
- Interventions should include putting client in the prone
position every 3 hours for 20 minutes to help encourage the
leg to stay down Osteomalacia:
- Soft bones
- Diet rich in calcium-milk
- Take Vitamin D and Calcium supplements together for better absorption
- Testing includes x-rays and imaging
, NUR 170 Exam 3 Review
- Labs will show low calcium, phosphate levels Osteoporosis:
- Loss of bone mass which is caused by lack of calcium, sexual hormones (estrogen/testosterone),
or to keep bones strong, the body destroys old bone cells with osteoclasts-which then makes
more bone cells with osteoblasts, sometimes these cells don’t work as they should.
- Medications:
o Fosomax :
Take on empty stomach first thing in the morning with a full glass of water
Take drug 30 minutes before food, drink, and other drugs to prevent
interactions
Remain upright, sitting or standing, for 30 minutes after taking the drug
Osteomylitis:
- Expected findings: Elevated ESR, fever, elevated WBC, constant local bone pain o SEVERE BONE
PAIN - the inflammation can lead to ischemia and necrosis of bone tissues
- Risk factors: Long-term IV use, IV drug use, can be secondary to other infections (UTI,
periodontal, other chronic wounds)
- Signs and symptoms: Hot to the touch, redness, swelling, unpleasant odor, fever, PAIN
- PICC line insertion for IV antibiotics for LONG TERM USE o They will be on antibiotics for longer
than 14 days.
Bulging Disc:
- Educate positioning to help alleviate discomfort: lying with head of bed elevated and pillow
under the legs - Acupuncture may be affective.
- Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time or driving for prolonged periods of time
- Report to HCP if numbness increases over time-means inflammation is worsening
Open Fractures:
- The bone goes through the skin causing an external wound
Fat Embolism:
- Cues to watch for: Lethargy, petechiae, hypoxemia, tachypnea, hypoxia Rheumatoid Arthritis:
- Patients with a new diagnosis will have a low grade fever
- Medication: Methotrexate-will help reduce inflammation o Watch immune response-educate
patient to avoid crowds, importance of hand washing
*When deciding on prioritizing what client to see first:
- Airway, breathing, circulation, and level of consciousness
- Older adults will usually present with a change in LOC when infections are present o They do
not show typically signs and symptoms of distress
Venous insufficiency:
- Feet need to be elevated several times a day
- Encourage mild exercises (walking)
- Compression stockings
- Smoking cessation Atherosclerotic Disease:
- Expected findings: Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, capillary refill more than 3 seconds, weak
pulses
Na: 135-145
K+: 3.5-5
Mag: 1.5-2.5 NUR 170 Exam 3 Review
Ca: 9.0-10.5 FACES of HF
Cl: 98-106 Heart Failure: F: Fatigue
Creatinine: 0.5-1.2 - Education: A: Limitations of Activities
o Diet should include limiting salt C: Chest congestion and cough
WBC: 5-10 mm3
intake to less than 2000g per day E: Edema
pH: 7.35-7.45
o Gradually increase walking to at
HCo3: 22-28 S: Shortness of Breath
least 3 times per week
PCO3: 35-45 o Take breaks during planned activities to prevent tiring
Glucose: 70-110 - Left Sided Heart Failure:
Post Prandial: <180 o Crackles, cough, confusion, wet cough, change in LOC with
A1C: <6 exacerbation
APTT: 30-40 seconds - Right sided Heart Failure:
o Pitting edema, fatigue, dependent edema
(sacral edema) o Swollen limbs due to deoxygenated blood pooling - Medications:
- Furosemide:
o Increase potassium in diet, monitor daily weights, report any increase in muscle
weakness to PCP
o Watch for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia: fatigue and muscle weakness
(report to PCP immediately)
- Valsartan (HCTZ) o Education should include notifying HCP if experiencing dizziness o Lab work
will need to be done to monitor kidney functions o Be sure to advise getting up slowly dangling
on side of bed after laying down-orthostatic hypotension
Hypertension:
- Non-pharmacological management: Reduce stress, learning relaxation techniques
EKG:
- Always look at the rate before the rhythm
- QRS duration should be 0.08 seconds
- When seeing an irregular cardiac rhythm on an EKG, remember to FIRST ASSESS THE
PATIENT/PULSE
- If an EKG strip is showing sinus bradycardia and they have heart failure and are symptomatic
(confusion, low BP, ect) call HCP and get an order for
Atropine o Bradycardia: HR below 60 Peripheral Artery Disease:
- Expected finding: Dependent rubor of the extremities o
Rubor: red and swollen Amputations:
- Treat phantom limb pain with Gabapentin
- Interventions should include putting client in the prone
position every 3 hours for 20 minutes to help encourage the
leg to stay down Osteomalacia:
- Soft bones
- Diet rich in calcium-milk
- Take Vitamin D and Calcium supplements together for better absorption
- Testing includes x-rays and imaging
, NUR 170 Exam 3 Review
- Labs will show low calcium, phosphate levels Osteoporosis:
- Loss of bone mass which is caused by lack of calcium, sexual hormones (estrogen/testosterone),
or to keep bones strong, the body destroys old bone cells with osteoclasts-which then makes
more bone cells with osteoblasts, sometimes these cells don’t work as they should.
- Medications:
o Fosomax :
Take on empty stomach first thing in the morning with a full glass of water
Take drug 30 minutes before food, drink, and other drugs to prevent
interactions
Remain upright, sitting or standing, for 30 minutes after taking the drug
Osteomylitis:
- Expected findings: Elevated ESR, fever, elevated WBC, constant local bone pain o SEVERE BONE
PAIN - the inflammation can lead to ischemia and necrosis of bone tissues
- Risk factors: Long-term IV use, IV drug use, can be secondary to other infections (UTI,
periodontal, other chronic wounds)
- Signs and symptoms: Hot to the touch, redness, swelling, unpleasant odor, fever, PAIN
- PICC line insertion for IV antibiotics for LONG TERM USE o They will be on antibiotics for longer
than 14 days.
Bulging Disc:
- Educate positioning to help alleviate discomfort: lying with head of bed elevated and pillow
under the legs - Acupuncture may be affective.
- Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time or driving for prolonged periods of time
- Report to HCP if numbness increases over time-means inflammation is worsening
Open Fractures:
- The bone goes through the skin causing an external wound
Fat Embolism:
- Cues to watch for: Lethargy, petechiae, hypoxemia, tachypnea, hypoxia Rheumatoid Arthritis:
- Patients with a new diagnosis will have a low grade fever
- Medication: Methotrexate-will help reduce inflammation o Watch immune response-educate
patient to avoid crowds, importance of hand washing
*When deciding on prioritizing what client to see first:
- Airway, breathing, circulation, and level of consciousness
- Older adults will usually present with a change in LOC when infections are present o They do
not show typically signs and symptoms of distress
Venous insufficiency:
- Feet need to be elevated several times a day
- Encourage mild exercises (walking)
- Compression stockings
- Smoking cessation Atherosclerotic Disease:
- Expected findings: Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, capillary refill more than 3 seconds, weak
pulses
