NURS 301 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Health as a Human Right - Answers The concept was enshrined in the UN Declaration of Human
Rights (1948); emphasizes unique societal value placed on health
Health Inequality - Answers Health differences explained by natural or unavoidable causes (e.g., age
differences between 20 and 70-year-olds)
Health Inequity - Answers Preventable and unnecessary health differences; unjust to allow them to
persist (e.g., infant mortality disparities between Black and white populations)
Explanations for Health Inequities - Answers Material (food, shelter), Psychosocial (stress,
discrimination), Behavioral (habits), Biomedical (genetics, often influenced by social factors)
Social Determinants of Health - Answers Conditions such as income, education, housing, and access
to care that influence health outcomes
Moral Courage - Answers Willingness to act on ethical values despite personal risk; putting principles
into action
Relationship-Centered Care (RCC) - Answers Healthcare model emphasizing 4 relationships: with
patient, other providers, community, and self
Patient-Centered Care - Answers Key elements: shared decision-making, culturally informed care,
dignity/privacy, focus on patient's illness experience
Nurse's Relationship with Self - Answers Focuses on self-advocacy, growth, stress management, and
meaning in work
Therapeutic Relationship - Answers Professional relationship where focus is on patient's needs,
empathy, listening, competence, and congruence
Core Conditions of Therapeutic Relationships - Answers Empathy, positive regard, caring, thoughtful
language, interest, listening, competence
Social vs Professional Relationships - Answers Social = reciprocal sharing; Professional = nurse focuses
on patient, avoids seeking comfort/advice from patient
Therapeutic Communication - Answers Attentive listening, open-ended questions, empathy, guiding
patients through their own problem-solving
Drama Triangle Roles - Answers Victim (helpless patient), Persecutor (blamed others), Rescuer (nurse
tries to fix everything, risking burnout)
Johari Window - Answers Tool for self-awareness; includes open, blind, hidden, and unknown areas
of self-knowledge
Critical Thinking - Answers Self-directed, disciplined, self-monitored, self-corrective thinking; involves
problem-solving and overcoming biases
Egocentric Thinking - Answers Assuming one's perceptions are reality; rarely scrutinized; leads to bias
in judgment
Common Thinking Errors - Answers "It's true because I believe it," "We believe it," "I want to believe
it," "I always believed it," "It's in my interest to believe it"
Essential Intellectual Traits - Answers Intellectual humility, courage, empathy, autonomy, integrity,
perseverance, confidence in reason, fairmindedness
Mindfulness - Answers Ongoing effort to observe, question, and redirect one's thinking and beliefs
Florence Nightingale - Answers Mother of modern nursing; emphasized sanitary knowledge,
structured training, and discipline; limited education to white women
Mary Eliza Mahoney - Answers First African American professional nurse (1879)
Lillian Wald - Answers Founded Henry Street Settlement (1893); coined "public health nurse";
advocated for school nurses, home care, and child welfare
Howard University Nursing Program - Answers First U.S. university-based nursing program (1893)
Characteristics of a Profession - Answers Specialized knowledge, rigorous training, ethical standards,
autonomy, accountability, licensure
Kristen Swanson's Caring Theory - Answers Caring = "nurturing way of relating to a valued other" with
goal of enabling well-being
Merle Mishel's Uncertainty Theory - Answers Framework for understanding how uncertainty shapes
patient experiences with illness
Nursing vs Medicine - Answers Medicine = diagnosis/treatment of disease; Nursing = care promoting
health, alleviating suffering, addressing human responses
Professionalism in Nursing - Answers Includes appearance, reliability, ethics, organization,
accountability, language, positive attitude, and emotional control
Health as a Human Right - Answers The concept was enshrined in the UN Declaration of Human
Rights (1948); emphasizes unique societal value placed on health
Health Inequality - Answers Health differences explained by natural or unavoidable causes (e.g., age
differences between 20 and 70-year-olds)
Health Inequity - Answers Preventable and unnecessary health differences; unjust to allow them to
persist (e.g., infant mortality disparities between Black and white populations)
Explanations for Health Inequities - Answers Material (food, shelter), Psychosocial (stress,
discrimination), Behavioral (habits), Biomedical (genetics, often influenced by social factors)
Social Determinants of Health - Answers Conditions such as income, education, housing, and access
to care that influence health outcomes
Moral Courage - Answers Willingness to act on ethical values despite personal risk; putting principles
into action
Relationship-Centered Care (RCC) - Answers Healthcare model emphasizing 4 relationships: with
patient, other providers, community, and self
Patient-Centered Care - Answers Key elements: shared decision-making, culturally informed care,
dignity/privacy, focus on patient's illness experience
Nurse's Relationship with Self - Answers Focuses on self-advocacy, growth, stress management, and
meaning in work
Therapeutic Relationship - Answers Professional relationship where focus is on patient's needs,
empathy, listening, competence, and congruence
Core Conditions of Therapeutic Relationships - Answers Empathy, positive regard, caring, thoughtful
language, interest, listening, competence
Social vs Professional Relationships - Answers Social = reciprocal sharing; Professional = nurse focuses
on patient, avoids seeking comfort/advice from patient
Therapeutic Communication - Answers Attentive listening, open-ended questions, empathy, guiding
patients through their own problem-solving
Drama Triangle Roles - Answers Victim (helpless patient), Persecutor (blamed others), Rescuer (nurse
tries to fix everything, risking burnout)
Johari Window - Answers Tool for self-awareness; includes open, blind, hidden, and unknown areas
of self-knowledge
Critical Thinking - Answers Self-directed, disciplined, self-monitored, self-corrective thinking; involves
problem-solving and overcoming biases
Egocentric Thinking - Answers Assuming one's perceptions are reality; rarely scrutinized; leads to bias
in judgment
Common Thinking Errors - Answers "It's true because I believe it," "We believe it," "I want to believe
it," "I always believed it," "It's in my interest to believe it"
Essential Intellectual Traits - Answers Intellectual humility, courage, empathy, autonomy, integrity,
perseverance, confidence in reason, fairmindedness
Mindfulness - Answers Ongoing effort to observe, question, and redirect one's thinking and beliefs
Florence Nightingale - Answers Mother of modern nursing; emphasized sanitary knowledge,
structured training, and discipline; limited education to white women
Mary Eliza Mahoney - Answers First African American professional nurse (1879)
Lillian Wald - Answers Founded Henry Street Settlement (1893); coined "public health nurse";
advocated for school nurses, home care, and child welfare
Howard University Nursing Program - Answers First U.S. university-based nursing program (1893)
Characteristics of a Profession - Answers Specialized knowledge, rigorous training, ethical standards,
autonomy, accountability, licensure
Kristen Swanson's Caring Theory - Answers Caring = "nurturing way of relating to a valued other" with
goal of enabling well-being
Merle Mishel's Uncertainty Theory - Answers Framework for understanding how uncertainty shapes
patient experiences with illness
Nursing vs Medicine - Answers Medicine = diagnosis/treatment of disease; Nursing = care promoting
health, alleviating suffering, addressing human responses
Professionalism in Nursing - Answers Includes appearance, reliability, ethics, organization,
accountability, language, positive attitude, and emotional control
