ANSC 251 EXAM 4 study guide
questions and answers updated 2026
PorcineBrespiratoryBsyndromeBvirusB(PRRSV):B
typeBofBvirus,Bimpacts,BfirstBobserved,BcommonBnames,BtypesBofBstrain,Bsymptoms/signsBobse
rvedB-BAnswerArteriviridaeBRNABvirus
Impacts:BAbortions,BdeadBpigs,BslowBgrowth
FirstBclinicalBsyndrome:BNCBinB1987
AlsoBcalled:BBlue-earBpigBdisease,B"mysteryBswineBdisease"BandB"mysteryBreproductiveB
syndrome"
term-6
TwoBtypes:BTypeB1B(European)BandBtypeB2B(North-American)
ClinicalBsigns:BReproduction
lateBgestation:B
-weak,Bstillborn,BmummifiedBpigletsB
-anorexiaBandBagalactiaBinBsows
EarlyBgestation:
-Babortions
Respiratory
-DyspneaBandBtachypnea,BpoorBgrowth,BinterstitialBpneumonia
CutaneousBsignsBpossible
-HyperemiaBorBcyanosisBofBextremities
PPRSV:BTargets,BimmuneBresponseB-BAnswerVirusBtargets:Bmacrophages
-AlveolarBandBtissue
,-
AcuteBdisease:BLung,BLymphoidBtissue,BpossiblyBkidney,Bspleen,Bheart,Bthymus,Bskills,Breproduc
tiveBtract,BandBnervousBsystem
-ChronicBphase:BvirusBfoundBinBperipheralBlymphBnodes;Btonsils
EffectsBonBmacrophages:BdecreasedBproductionBofBTNF-
alphaBandBphagocytosis,BinductionBofBapoptosis
immuneBresponse:BdecreasedBIFN-alphaBandBTNF-alpha,BincreasedBIL-
10B(suppressesBTH1Bresponse)
PPRS:Bwho'sBatBrisk,BsourcesBofBinfection,Bprevention,BtestsBtoBdetectBdisease,BifBzoonosis,Bec
onomicBimpactB-BAnswerExistsBasBquasispeciesB(frequentlyBandBquicklyBmutates)
Who'sBatBrisk:BlargerBfarmsBmoreBsusceptibleBtoBspread
SourceBofBInfection:BNewBintroductions,BinfectedBsemen,BuncleanedBtransport
Transmission:BFeces,Bsemen,Burine,BmammaryBsecretions,BandBnasalBsecretions
LiveBbest:BfrozenBconditionsB(years)
Prevention:B
MinimizeBexposureB(biosecurity,BflowBmanagement,Bantimicrobials)
andBmaximizeBimmunityB(vaccination,Bacclimation,BlactationBmanagement,BproperBnutrition)
NotBzoonotic
PorcineBendemicBdiarrheaBvirusB(PEDV):B-BAnswerCoronavirus;B2BviralBstrains
FirstBidentifiedBinBU.S.BinBAprilBMayB2013B(rapidBinBHogBstates)
Impacts:BSevereBdiarrheaB(dehydrationB+BlackBofBnutrientBuptakeB=BpigletBdeaths)
, SurvivesBbest:Bcool,BmoistBenvironments
AtBrisk:BpigsBofBallBagesB(moreBsevereBinByoungBpigs)
Transmission:Bfecal-oralBroute
NotBzoonosis
Attacks:Benterocytes
BovineBviralBdiarrheaB(BVDBorBBVDV):
Description,Btypes,BimpactsB-BAnswerFlaviviridae,BRNABvirus
2Bbiotypes:Bnon-cytopathogenicBandBcytopathogenic
2Bgenotypes:BBVDV-1BmoreBfrequentBthanBBVDV-2
Europe:B>90%BtypeB1B&B<10%BtypeB2
NA:B50%BtypeB1B&B50%BtypeB2
Impacts:Bstillbirths,Babortions/mummifiedBfetus;Bimmunosuppression
BVD:
ImmuneBresponse,BPIBdevelopment,Bspread,Bsurvival,Breplication,Btesting,BeconomicBimpactB-
BAnswerIntestinalBlymphoidBdepletionB(necrosisBofBPeter'sBpatchBileum)
PIBdevelopmentB(PersistentlyBInfectedBCarriers):BMotherBisBinfectedB1-4BmonthsBofBgestationB-
->BcowBandBcalfBinfectedB-->BonlyBdamBbecomesBimmuneB--
>BcalfBbornBpersistentlyBinfectedB(93%BofBallBPI'sBproducedBthisBway;B100%BPIBproduceBPIBof
fspring)
Spreads:B
-contactBwithBPIBthroughBdirectBcontactB(noseBtoBnose)BorBfecesBcontainingBBVDV;B
questions and answers updated 2026
PorcineBrespiratoryBsyndromeBvirusB(PRRSV):B
typeBofBvirus,Bimpacts,BfirstBobserved,BcommonBnames,BtypesBofBstrain,Bsymptoms/signsBobse
rvedB-BAnswerArteriviridaeBRNABvirus
Impacts:BAbortions,BdeadBpigs,BslowBgrowth
FirstBclinicalBsyndrome:BNCBinB1987
AlsoBcalled:BBlue-earBpigBdisease,B"mysteryBswineBdisease"BandB"mysteryBreproductiveB
syndrome"
term-6
TwoBtypes:BTypeB1B(European)BandBtypeB2B(North-American)
ClinicalBsigns:BReproduction
lateBgestation:B
-weak,Bstillborn,BmummifiedBpigletsB
-anorexiaBandBagalactiaBinBsows
EarlyBgestation:
-Babortions
Respiratory
-DyspneaBandBtachypnea,BpoorBgrowth,BinterstitialBpneumonia
CutaneousBsignsBpossible
-HyperemiaBorBcyanosisBofBextremities
PPRSV:BTargets,BimmuneBresponseB-BAnswerVirusBtargets:Bmacrophages
-AlveolarBandBtissue
,-
AcuteBdisease:BLung,BLymphoidBtissue,BpossiblyBkidney,Bspleen,Bheart,Bthymus,Bskills,Breproduc
tiveBtract,BandBnervousBsystem
-ChronicBphase:BvirusBfoundBinBperipheralBlymphBnodes;Btonsils
EffectsBonBmacrophages:BdecreasedBproductionBofBTNF-
alphaBandBphagocytosis,BinductionBofBapoptosis
immuneBresponse:BdecreasedBIFN-alphaBandBTNF-alpha,BincreasedBIL-
10B(suppressesBTH1Bresponse)
PPRS:Bwho'sBatBrisk,BsourcesBofBinfection,Bprevention,BtestsBtoBdetectBdisease,BifBzoonosis,Bec
onomicBimpactB-BAnswerExistsBasBquasispeciesB(frequentlyBandBquicklyBmutates)
Who'sBatBrisk:BlargerBfarmsBmoreBsusceptibleBtoBspread
SourceBofBInfection:BNewBintroductions,BinfectedBsemen,BuncleanedBtransport
Transmission:BFeces,Bsemen,Burine,BmammaryBsecretions,BandBnasalBsecretions
LiveBbest:BfrozenBconditionsB(years)
Prevention:B
MinimizeBexposureB(biosecurity,BflowBmanagement,Bantimicrobials)
andBmaximizeBimmunityB(vaccination,Bacclimation,BlactationBmanagement,BproperBnutrition)
NotBzoonotic
PorcineBendemicBdiarrheaBvirusB(PEDV):B-BAnswerCoronavirus;B2BviralBstrains
FirstBidentifiedBinBU.S.BinBAprilBMayB2013B(rapidBinBHogBstates)
Impacts:BSevereBdiarrheaB(dehydrationB+BlackBofBnutrientBuptakeB=BpigletBdeaths)
, SurvivesBbest:Bcool,BmoistBenvironments
AtBrisk:BpigsBofBallBagesB(moreBsevereBinByoungBpigs)
Transmission:Bfecal-oralBroute
NotBzoonosis
Attacks:Benterocytes
BovineBviralBdiarrheaB(BVDBorBBVDV):
Description,Btypes,BimpactsB-BAnswerFlaviviridae,BRNABvirus
2Bbiotypes:Bnon-cytopathogenicBandBcytopathogenic
2Bgenotypes:BBVDV-1BmoreBfrequentBthanBBVDV-2
Europe:B>90%BtypeB1B&B<10%BtypeB2
NA:B50%BtypeB1B&B50%BtypeB2
Impacts:Bstillbirths,Babortions/mummifiedBfetus;Bimmunosuppression
BVD:
ImmuneBresponse,BPIBdevelopment,Bspread,Bsurvival,Breplication,Btesting,BeconomicBimpactB-
BAnswerIntestinalBlymphoidBdepletionB(necrosisBofBPeter'sBpatchBileum)
PIBdevelopmentB(PersistentlyBInfectedBCarriers):BMotherBisBinfectedB1-4BmonthsBofBgestationB-
->BcowBandBcalfBinfectedB-->BonlyBdamBbecomesBimmuneB--
>BcalfBbornBpersistentlyBinfectedB(93%BofBallBPI'sBproducedBthisBway;B100%BPIBproduceBPIBof
fspring)
Spreads:B
-contactBwithBPIBthroughBdirectBcontactB(noseBtoBnose)BorBfecesBcontainingBBVDV;B
