Explain the relationship between a SPO and a test question - ANSWER A test
question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test
question
Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training - ANSWER To be able to
protect the life and property of yourself and the public
List a peace officer's main goals - ANSWER - Enforce the laws
- Preserve the peace,
- Prevent crime
- Protect civil rights and liberties
- Provide services
Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - ANSWER - Use sound
judgment to determine which laws are to be formally enforced
- Determine if there is a more constructive remedy without arrest or citation
Explain the factors necessary for the commission of crime - ANSWER Desire - the
motivation behind criminal behavior
Victim - potential target, unaware of surroundings
Opportunity - crime prevention strategies
State the core concepts of community policing - ANSWER -partnership between
community and police
-crime prevention
-organizational change of agency
-problem solving approach to police role is proactive
Considerations for off duty situations - ANSWER Behavior - social media, uphold
ethics
Situational Awareness- be alert, pre plan, off duty weapon policy, be a good witness
State the purpose of Bill of Rights - ANSWER protect a individual's freedoms
-prevent government from interfering in protected rights
Describe the major components of the criminal justice system - ANSWER Law
Enforcement
Courts - hold fair & impartial trials, guilt or innocence, Impose sentences
Corrections - supervise offender
Goals of Sentencing - ANSWER -protect society
-punish offender/rehabilitate
-restore the victim
Recognize the tenets of the Below 100 - ANSWER -wear your seatbelt
-wear your vest
-WIN what's important now
,-watch your speed
-complacency kills
Lawful - ANSWER defined by laws and standards
Criminal Law - ANSWER identifies what actions are prohibited
Rules of Agency - ANSWER Administrative rules, general orders
Constitutional Law - ANSWER amendments
Police Legitimacy - ANSWER exists when the public view the police as authorized
to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve
problems in community
Judgement 1/3
public trust and confidence in police as being honest, trying to do jobs well, and
protecting community - ANSWER Result
individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police community
partnerships
Judgment #2
public willingness to defer the law and police authority - ANSWER Result
Correlation between those who obey and those who view police as legitimate,
cooperate by reporting crimes and providing information
Judgement #3
public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate - ANSWER
Result
citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis
circumstances when filming police officers is permissible - ANSWER -one party
consents
-as long as it does not interfere with officers carrying out their duties
Race - ANSWER modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable
physical characteristics
Genetically influenced traits - ANSWER Skin color, hair, eye shape, blood type,
intelligence
connection between in / out groups, and police legitimacy - ANSWER some people
interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's societal position rather
than immediate circumstances of the police contact
Types of Racism - ANSWER individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural
,Individual Racism - ANSWER internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices
based on race
Interpersonal Racism - ANSWER occurs between individuals, public expressions of
racial prejudice and hate
institutional racism - ANSWER discriminatory policies and treatment by institutions
Structural Racism - ANSWER Collective way of history, culture, power inequality,
unequal access to opportunities
Components of bias - ANSWER stereotypes, prejudice, attitude
Stereotypes - ANSWER generalizations about the perceived typical characteristics
of a social category
Prejudice - ANSWER a often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such
as race, age
Attitude - ANSWER positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or
groups
Bias-based profiling - ANSWER -Racial/illegal profiling
-unequal treatment by officers by stopping, questioning, searching, detaining on
basis of their ethnicity
Criminal profiling - ANSWER Based on observed behaviors and characteristics
Two types of Bias - ANSWER explicit and implicit
Explicit Bias - ANSWER conscious preference for a social category
Implicit bias - ANSWER preference for a social category based on stereotypes that
we hold and tend to develop in early life
Two modes of thinking - ANSWER automatic (system 1)
deliberative (system 2)
System 1 thinking - ANSWER automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast
System 2 thinking - ANSWER Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower
practical purpose - ANSWER simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to
systematically think about each step
protection mechanism - ANSWER we evaluate everything we see to determine if
threatening or not
, strategies to counter implicit biases - ANSWER -Guarding against influence in
decision making
-awareness
-know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue)
-slow down thinking
-empathetic
-effort (intention, attention, time)
Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - ANSWER person based approach
community based model
person based approach - ANSWER emphasizes the importance of face to face
interactions between officer and a citizen
Community based model - ANSWER ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy
through entire society
community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - ANSWER
every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease public
perception of police)
four core principles of procedural justice - ANSWER giving others a voice, neutrality
in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness
explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - ANSWER -owed
to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself
-treat everyone professionally
-never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities
External Influences on behavior - ANSWER relationships with family and friends,
citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture
Internal influences on behavior - ANSWER officer's own ethical and moral beliefs,
anger, greed, lust
Denial of victim - ANSWER argue that violated party deserves to be victimized
Denial of responsibility - ANSWER acted improperly because no other options
Denial of injury - ANSWER argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical
misconduct
Social Weighting - ANSWER makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct
moral justification - ANSWER argues that it's necessary to break rules for the
greater good
question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test
question
Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training - ANSWER To be able to
protect the life and property of yourself and the public
List a peace officer's main goals - ANSWER - Enforce the laws
- Preserve the peace,
- Prevent crime
- Protect civil rights and liberties
- Provide services
Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - ANSWER - Use sound
judgment to determine which laws are to be formally enforced
- Determine if there is a more constructive remedy without arrest or citation
Explain the factors necessary for the commission of crime - ANSWER Desire - the
motivation behind criminal behavior
Victim - potential target, unaware of surroundings
Opportunity - crime prevention strategies
State the core concepts of community policing - ANSWER -partnership between
community and police
-crime prevention
-organizational change of agency
-problem solving approach to police role is proactive
Considerations for off duty situations - ANSWER Behavior - social media, uphold
ethics
Situational Awareness- be alert, pre plan, off duty weapon policy, be a good witness
State the purpose of Bill of Rights - ANSWER protect a individual's freedoms
-prevent government from interfering in protected rights
Describe the major components of the criminal justice system - ANSWER Law
Enforcement
Courts - hold fair & impartial trials, guilt or innocence, Impose sentences
Corrections - supervise offender
Goals of Sentencing - ANSWER -protect society
-punish offender/rehabilitate
-restore the victim
Recognize the tenets of the Below 100 - ANSWER -wear your seatbelt
-wear your vest
-WIN what's important now
,-watch your speed
-complacency kills
Lawful - ANSWER defined by laws and standards
Criminal Law - ANSWER identifies what actions are prohibited
Rules of Agency - ANSWER Administrative rules, general orders
Constitutional Law - ANSWER amendments
Police Legitimacy - ANSWER exists when the public view the police as authorized
to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve
problems in community
Judgement 1/3
public trust and confidence in police as being honest, trying to do jobs well, and
protecting community - ANSWER Result
individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police community
partnerships
Judgment #2
public willingness to defer the law and police authority - ANSWER Result
Correlation between those who obey and those who view police as legitimate,
cooperate by reporting crimes and providing information
Judgement #3
public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate - ANSWER
Result
citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis
circumstances when filming police officers is permissible - ANSWER -one party
consents
-as long as it does not interfere with officers carrying out their duties
Race - ANSWER modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable
physical characteristics
Genetically influenced traits - ANSWER Skin color, hair, eye shape, blood type,
intelligence
connection between in / out groups, and police legitimacy - ANSWER some people
interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's societal position rather
than immediate circumstances of the police contact
Types of Racism - ANSWER individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural
,Individual Racism - ANSWER internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices
based on race
Interpersonal Racism - ANSWER occurs between individuals, public expressions of
racial prejudice and hate
institutional racism - ANSWER discriminatory policies and treatment by institutions
Structural Racism - ANSWER Collective way of history, culture, power inequality,
unequal access to opportunities
Components of bias - ANSWER stereotypes, prejudice, attitude
Stereotypes - ANSWER generalizations about the perceived typical characteristics
of a social category
Prejudice - ANSWER a often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such
as race, age
Attitude - ANSWER positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or
groups
Bias-based profiling - ANSWER -Racial/illegal profiling
-unequal treatment by officers by stopping, questioning, searching, detaining on
basis of their ethnicity
Criminal profiling - ANSWER Based on observed behaviors and characteristics
Two types of Bias - ANSWER explicit and implicit
Explicit Bias - ANSWER conscious preference for a social category
Implicit bias - ANSWER preference for a social category based on stereotypes that
we hold and tend to develop in early life
Two modes of thinking - ANSWER automatic (system 1)
deliberative (system 2)
System 1 thinking - ANSWER automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast
System 2 thinking - ANSWER Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower
practical purpose - ANSWER simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to
systematically think about each step
protection mechanism - ANSWER we evaluate everything we see to determine if
threatening or not
, strategies to counter implicit biases - ANSWER -Guarding against influence in
decision making
-awareness
-know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue)
-slow down thinking
-empathetic
-effort (intention, attention, time)
Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - ANSWER person based approach
community based model
person based approach - ANSWER emphasizes the importance of face to face
interactions between officer and a citizen
Community based model - ANSWER ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy
through entire society
community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - ANSWER
every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease public
perception of police)
four core principles of procedural justice - ANSWER giving others a voice, neutrality
in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness
explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - ANSWER -owed
to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself
-treat everyone professionally
-never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities
External Influences on behavior - ANSWER relationships with family and friends,
citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture
Internal influences on behavior - ANSWER officer's own ethical and moral beliefs,
anger, greed, lust
Denial of victim - ANSWER argue that violated party deserves to be victimized
Denial of responsibility - ANSWER acted improperly because no other options
Denial of injury - ANSWER argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical
misconduct
Social Weighting - ANSWER makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct
moral justification - ANSWER argues that it's necessary to break rules for the
greater good
