NRS 3025 Final Exam Questions With
Answers 100% Pass
arthroplasty - ANSWER surgical removal of a diseased joint due to
osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma or congenital
anomalies
Arthroplasty contraindications - ANSWER -Recent or active infection
-arterial impairment
-client inability to follow postsurgical regimen
-comorbidities (uncontrolled DM, HTN, advanced osteoporosis, progressive
inflammatory condition, unstable cardiac or respiratory conditions)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (preprocedure) - ANSWER -review diagnostic
test results (CBC, urinalysis, electrolytes, BUN Cr)
-Chest x ray to rule out pulmonary contraindications
-ECG to identify contraindications (dysrhythmia)
-Scrub surgical site with antiseptic (infection prophylaxis)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (post procedure) - ANSWER -Monitor for
infection
-Monitor for DVT, PE, or bleeding if on anticoagulant
-Neurovascular assessments
-analgesics
-antibiotics
-early ambulation
arthroplasty complications - ANSWER -joint dislocation
-infection
-anemia
-neurovascular compromise
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -chronic metabolic bone disorder resulting in low bone
density
osteoporosis prevention - ANSWER - consume adequate calcium and vitamin D
-weight bearing exercises
primary osteoporosis - ANSWER -caused by natural changes to bone mass and
strength that come with age
-common in post-menopausal women
,secondary osteoporosis - ANSWER -results from medical conditions
(hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, DM, Cushings, RA, bone cancer, female
hypogonadism, GH deficiency, chronic airway disorders that affect Ca
absorption)
-loop diuretics, corticosteroids, thyroid meds, anticonvulsants
-lack of weight bearing
Osteoporosis RF - ANSWER -family history, lean body build
-low calcium intake
-tobacco use
-excess caffeine
-high phosphorous intake
osteoporosis manifestations - ANSWER -reduced height of 2-3 inches
-acute back pain when bending or lifting
-restriction in movement or spinal deformity
-history of fractures
-kyphosis
-pain palpating over affected area
Osteoporosis Labs - ANSWER -blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous,
hematocrit, ESR, and alkaline phosphatase levels to R/O other metabolic bone
diseases
-24 hr urine can evaluate calcium excretion
-bone turnover markers to measure bone formation and resorption
Osteoporosis Diagnostics - ANSWER -Radiography of spine and long bones
reveal density and fractures
-DXA: screens for early changes in bone density on hip or spine
-MRI: provide info about bone density w/o exposing client to radiation, areas
show decreased perfusion
Osteoporosis nursing care - ANSWER -instruct on dietary calcium sources
-reinforce need for Vit D
-encourage weight bearing exercise
-assess home environment for safety
osteoporosis meds - ANSWER -Calcium and Vit D can slow or prevent
-Calcium carbonate./calcium citrate
-Bisphosphonates: decreases number and actions of osteoclasts
Other osteoporosis treatments - ANSWER -orthotic devices
-Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty
Osteoarthritis - ANSWER -noninflammatory degenerative disorder of joints
-primary: idiopathic
, -secondary: resulting from previous joint injury or inflammatory disease
Osteoarthritis RF - ANSWER -Age
-Genetics
-Joint injury due to acute or repetitive stress
-obesity
-metabolic disorder (DM, sickle cell)
-females
osteoarthritis manifestations - ANSWER -joint pain and stiffness
-pain with joint palpation or ROM
-crepitus
-enlarged joint
-inflammation from secondary synovitis
-vertebral radiating pain
-limping gait
-back pain
Osteoarthritis nursing care - ANSWER -assist client with pharm/nonpharm pain
relief
-have client determine acceptable pain level
-determine psychosocial impact of OA
-assess need for assistive or adaptive devices
OA meds - ANSWER -acetaminophen (max 3000 mg/24 hr)
-NSAIDs for pain not relieved by tylenol and topical agents, and synovitis if
present
-opioids: tramadol is a weak opioid used for OA
-topical capsaicin: provides temp pain relief by blocking impulses (burning
feeling normal)
-Glucosamine and chondroitin: aid in repair and maintenance of cartilage.
Chondroitin can increase risk of bleeding on anticoagulants
Other OA treatments - ANSWER -intra-articular injections: glucocorticoids used
to treat inflammation, no more than 4 times a year
-total joint arthroplasty
Upper extremity amputations - ANSWER -most common cause are traumas
caused by crashes, wars, or other injury
Lower extremity amputations - ANSWER -most common cause is peripheral
vascular disease
Amputations nursing care - ANSWER -prevent postoperative complications
(hypovolemia, pain, infection)
-assess for bleeding and vital signs frequently
Answers 100% Pass
arthroplasty - ANSWER surgical removal of a diseased joint due to
osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma or congenital
anomalies
Arthroplasty contraindications - ANSWER -Recent or active infection
-arterial impairment
-client inability to follow postsurgical regimen
-comorbidities (uncontrolled DM, HTN, advanced osteoporosis, progressive
inflammatory condition, unstable cardiac or respiratory conditions)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (preprocedure) - ANSWER -review diagnostic
test results (CBC, urinalysis, electrolytes, BUN Cr)
-Chest x ray to rule out pulmonary contraindications
-ECG to identify contraindications (dysrhythmia)
-Scrub surgical site with antiseptic (infection prophylaxis)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (post procedure) - ANSWER -Monitor for
infection
-Monitor for DVT, PE, or bleeding if on anticoagulant
-Neurovascular assessments
-analgesics
-antibiotics
-early ambulation
arthroplasty complications - ANSWER -joint dislocation
-infection
-anemia
-neurovascular compromise
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -chronic metabolic bone disorder resulting in low bone
density
osteoporosis prevention - ANSWER - consume adequate calcium and vitamin D
-weight bearing exercises
primary osteoporosis - ANSWER -caused by natural changes to bone mass and
strength that come with age
-common in post-menopausal women
,secondary osteoporosis - ANSWER -results from medical conditions
(hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, DM, Cushings, RA, bone cancer, female
hypogonadism, GH deficiency, chronic airway disorders that affect Ca
absorption)
-loop diuretics, corticosteroids, thyroid meds, anticonvulsants
-lack of weight bearing
Osteoporosis RF - ANSWER -family history, lean body build
-low calcium intake
-tobacco use
-excess caffeine
-high phosphorous intake
osteoporosis manifestations - ANSWER -reduced height of 2-3 inches
-acute back pain when bending or lifting
-restriction in movement or spinal deformity
-history of fractures
-kyphosis
-pain palpating over affected area
Osteoporosis Labs - ANSWER -blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous,
hematocrit, ESR, and alkaline phosphatase levels to R/O other metabolic bone
diseases
-24 hr urine can evaluate calcium excretion
-bone turnover markers to measure bone formation and resorption
Osteoporosis Diagnostics - ANSWER -Radiography of spine and long bones
reveal density and fractures
-DXA: screens for early changes in bone density on hip or spine
-MRI: provide info about bone density w/o exposing client to radiation, areas
show decreased perfusion
Osteoporosis nursing care - ANSWER -instruct on dietary calcium sources
-reinforce need for Vit D
-encourage weight bearing exercise
-assess home environment for safety
osteoporosis meds - ANSWER -Calcium and Vit D can slow or prevent
-Calcium carbonate./calcium citrate
-Bisphosphonates: decreases number and actions of osteoclasts
Other osteoporosis treatments - ANSWER -orthotic devices
-Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty
Osteoarthritis - ANSWER -noninflammatory degenerative disorder of joints
-primary: idiopathic
, -secondary: resulting from previous joint injury or inflammatory disease
Osteoarthritis RF - ANSWER -Age
-Genetics
-Joint injury due to acute or repetitive stress
-obesity
-metabolic disorder (DM, sickle cell)
-females
osteoarthritis manifestations - ANSWER -joint pain and stiffness
-pain with joint palpation or ROM
-crepitus
-enlarged joint
-inflammation from secondary synovitis
-vertebral radiating pain
-limping gait
-back pain
Osteoarthritis nursing care - ANSWER -assist client with pharm/nonpharm pain
relief
-have client determine acceptable pain level
-determine psychosocial impact of OA
-assess need for assistive or adaptive devices
OA meds - ANSWER -acetaminophen (max 3000 mg/24 hr)
-NSAIDs for pain not relieved by tylenol and topical agents, and synovitis if
present
-opioids: tramadol is a weak opioid used for OA
-topical capsaicin: provides temp pain relief by blocking impulses (burning
feeling normal)
-Glucosamine and chondroitin: aid in repair and maintenance of cartilage.
Chondroitin can increase risk of bleeding on anticoagulants
Other OA treatments - ANSWER -intra-articular injections: glucocorticoids used
to treat inflammation, no more than 4 times a year
-total joint arthroplasty
Upper extremity amputations - ANSWER -most common cause are traumas
caused by crashes, wars, or other injury
Lower extremity amputations - ANSWER -most common cause is peripheral
vascular disease
Amputations nursing care - ANSWER -prevent postoperative complications
(hypovolemia, pain, infection)
-assess for bleeding and vital signs frequently
