PAT 201 Week 8 Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease Exam Questions
and Answers25
what is the difference in onset between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma happens early
in life
COPD happens later in life
what is the difference in symptoms between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma varies from
day to day, worse at night and early morning
COPD is progressive
what is the difference in cause between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma is triggered by a
sensitizing agent
COPD is trigged by a noxious agent (e.g. smoking), or by genetic deficiency of alpha 1 antitrypsin
what is the difference in inflammatory cells between asthma and COPD?
why is this important to know? - ANSWERS-asthma = eosinophils, CD4 helper cells
COPD = neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 cytotoxic cells
we can test to determine what cells an individual has more of when trying to diagnose them
,what is the difference in airflow limitation between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma is
usually reversible but may become persistent
COPD is not reversible
what is hypercapnia? what causes it? - ANSWERS-excess carbon dioxide in the blood
caused by pulmonary diseases - decreased drive to breathe and/or inadequate ability to
respond to ventilatory stimulation
what is hypoxemia? what causes it? - ANSWERS-low oxygen in the blood
ventilation-perfusion abnormalities - shunting or alveolar dead space
what is shunting? - ANSWERS-Perfusion without ventilation
the body shunts blood away from areas of the lungs that are not well ventilated to not waste
the blood
what is alveolar dead space? - ANSWERS-non-functional alveoli due to collapse or obstruction
what is the V/Q ratio? - ANSWERS-ratio of ventilation (V) to perfusion (Q) in the lung
what is ventilation? - ANSWERS-the ability of air to reach alveoli
what is perfusion? - ANSWERS-how well blood circulates and reaches the alveoli via capillaries
, what is an example of a condition that may cause decreased ventilation but normal perfusion? -
ANSWERS-asthma
what is an example of a condition that may cause decreased perfusion but normal ventilation? -
ANSWERS-pulmonary embolism
what does low V/Q mean? - ANSWERS-inadequate ventilation of well-perfused areas
what does high V/Q mean? - ANSWERS-adequate ventilation of poorly perfused areas
what are the four tests of pulmonary function? - ANSWERS-spirometry
total lung capacity
thoracic imaging techniques
arterial blood gas analysis
what is total lung capacity? - ANSWERS-vital capacity + residual volume
what are the two types of spirometry? - ANSWERS-FEV1
FVC
what is FEV1? what does it measure? - ANSWERS-forced expiratory volume in 1 second
Pulmonary Disease Exam Questions
and Answers25
what is the difference in onset between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma happens early
in life
COPD happens later in life
what is the difference in symptoms between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma varies from
day to day, worse at night and early morning
COPD is progressive
what is the difference in cause between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma is triggered by a
sensitizing agent
COPD is trigged by a noxious agent (e.g. smoking), or by genetic deficiency of alpha 1 antitrypsin
what is the difference in inflammatory cells between asthma and COPD?
why is this important to know? - ANSWERS-asthma = eosinophils, CD4 helper cells
COPD = neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 cytotoxic cells
we can test to determine what cells an individual has more of when trying to diagnose them
,what is the difference in airflow limitation between asthma and COPD? - ANSWERS-asthma is
usually reversible but may become persistent
COPD is not reversible
what is hypercapnia? what causes it? - ANSWERS-excess carbon dioxide in the blood
caused by pulmonary diseases - decreased drive to breathe and/or inadequate ability to
respond to ventilatory stimulation
what is hypoxemia? what causes it? - ANSWERS-low oxygen in the blood
ventilation-perfusion abnormalities - shunting or alveolar dead space
what is shunting? - ANSWERS-Perfusion without ventilation
the body shunts blood away from areas of the lungs that are not well ventilated to not waste
the blood
what is alveolar dead space? - ANSWERS-non-functional alveoli due to collapse or obstruction
what is the V/Q ratio? - ANSWERS-ratio of ventilation (V) to perfusion (Q) in the lung
what is ventilation? - ANSWERS-the ability of air to reach alveoli
what is perfusion? - ANSWERS-how well blood circulates and reaches the alveoli via capillaries
, what is an example of a condition that may cause decreased ventilation but normal perfusion? -
ANSWERS-asthma
what is an example of a condition that may cause decreased perfusion but normal ventilation? -
ANSWERS-pulmonary embolism
what does low V/Q mean? - ANSWERS-inadequate ventilation of well-perfused areas
what does high V/Q mean? - ANSWERS-adequate ventilation of poorly perfused areas
what are the four tests of pulmonary function? - ANSWERS-spirometry
total lung capacity
thoracic imaging techniques
arterial blood gas analysis
what is total lung capacity? - ANSWERS-vital capacity + residual volume
what are the two types of spirometry? - ANSWERS-FEV1
FVC
what is FEV1? what does it measure? - ANSWERS-forced expiratory volume in 1 second
