GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!, Exams of Geography
The water cycle - ANSWERThe storage and movement of water between the
biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere
Watershed - ANSWERAn area of land that drains water to a common point
Divide - ANSWERA ridge/strip of high ground that separates one drainage
basin from another
Outlet - ANSWERThe outlet point of a watershed where all runoff is drained
Stream - ANSWERA body of water confined to a channel, moving downhill
under the influence of gravity
Tributary - ANSWERSmall stream flowing into a larger one
Headwaters (def) - ANSWERUpper part of a stream near its source
Strahler's stream order - ANSWERA number indicating the level of branching
of a stream, only increases when two streams of the same order combine
,Precipitation - ANSWERWater condensed in clouds that falls on land as rain,
sleet, hail, or snow
Evaporation - ANSWERWater heated by the sun, converted into a gas,
returned to the atmosphere
Infiltration - ANSWERWater that moves from above ground to the subsurface
Storage - ANSWERWater held in contained areas for a given amount of time
Runoff - ANSWERWater that moves away from a location via surface or
subsurface flow processes
River discharge - ANSWERFlow of water within a river
Interception - ANSWERWater prevented from reaching the ground by plant
leaves and branches
Transpiration - ANSWERWater from plant leaves and stems, converted to
water vapour, returned to the atmosphere
Evapotranspiration - ANSWERA combination of evaporation and transpiration
Water table - ANSWERSubsurface boundary below which the ground is
completely saturated
,Percolation - ANSWERWater moves vertically through the soil towards the
water table
Recharge - ANSWERWater added to the water table
Groundwater flow - ANSWERWater flowing below the water table
Reservoir - ANSWERStore of water (units of volume)
Flux - ANSWERWater moving between reservoirs (units of volume/time)
Residence time - ANSWERThe average time spent by a water molecule in a
reservoir
Water balance equation - ANSWERChange in storage = input - output = P +
Gin - ET - Q - Gout
Steady state (water balance) - ANSWERChange in storage = 0
Transient state (water balance) - ANSWERChange in storage ≠ 0
Modified water balance - ANSWERRunoff = total precipitation - hydrological
losses
Supersaturated zone - ANSWERA temperature/vapour pressure zone in which
water cannot be gas and must condense into a liquid
, Convective uplift - ANSWERAir at the surface is heated, rises, and condenses
(lower temp + higher pressure) → precipitation
Frontal/adjective uplift - ANSWERClouds come in that are warmer/colder
than existing air
Adiabatic lapse rate - ANSWERThe ratio between temperature decrease and
elevation
Orographic precipitation steps - ANSWER1) Air moves up mountain
2) Starts cooling at 1C/100m (dry), continues rising and condenses
3) Continues cooling at 0.6C/100m (wet)
4) May rain
5) Moves over mountain and starts moving down → warms up at 0.6C/100m
6) Condensation stops → warms up at 1C/100m
7) Cooler on windward side than leeward side
Raindrop formation - ANSWERWater molecules attach to cloud condensation
nuclei, drops collide with each other and grow, when they become heavy
enough they fall as precipitation
Isohyet map - ANSWERContour lines of equal rainfall depth
Hyetography - ANSWERThe distribution of rainfall over time
100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!, Exams of Geography
The water cycle - ANSWERThe storage and movement of water between the
biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere
Watershed - ANSWERAn area of land that drains water to a common point
Divide - ANSWERA ridge/strip of high ground that separates one drainage
basin from another
Outlet - ANSWERThe outlet point of a watershed where all runoff is drained
Stream - ANSWERA body of water confined to a channel, moving downhill
under the influence of gravity
Tributary - ANSWERSmall stream flowing into a larger one
Headwaters (def) - ANSWERUpper part of a stream near its source
Strahler's stream order - ANSWERA number indicating the level of branching
of a stream, only increases when two streams of the same order combine
,Precipitation - ANSWERWater condensed in clouds that falls on land as rain,
sleet, hail, or snow
Evaporation - ANSWERWater heated by the sun, converted into a gas,
returned to the atmosphere
Infiltration - ANSWERWater that moves from above ground to the subsurface
Storage - ANSWERWater held in contained areas for a given amount of time
Runoff - ANSWERWater that moves away from a location via surface or
subsurface flow processes
River discharge - ANSWERFlow of water within a river
Interception - ANSWERWater prevented from reaching the ground by plant
leaves and branches
Transpiration - ANSWERWater from plant leaves and stems, converted to
water vapour, returned to the atmosphere
Evapotranspiration - ANSWERA combination of evaporation and transpiration
Water table - ANSWERSubsurface boundary below which the ground is
completely saturated
,Percolation - ANSWERWater moves vertically through the soil towards the
water table
Recharge - ANSWERWater added to the water table
Groundwater flow - ANSWERWater flowing below the water table
Reservoir - ANSWERStore of water (units of volume)
Flux - ANSWERWater moving between reservoirs (units of volume/time)
Residence time - ANSWERThe average time spent by a water molecule in a
reservoir
Water balance equation - ANSWERChange in storage = input - output = P +
Gin - ET - Q - Gout
Steady state (water balance) - ANSWERChange in storage = 0
Transient state (water balance) - ANSWERChange in storage ≠ 0
Modified water balance - ANSWERRunoff = total precipitation - hydrological
losses
Supersaturated zone - ANSWERA temperature/vapour pressure zone in which
water cannot be gas and must condense into a liquid
, Convective uplift - ANSWERAir at the surface is heated, rises, and condenses
(lower temp + higher pressure) → precipitation
Frontal/adjective uplift - ANSWERClouds come in that are warmer/colder
than existing air
Adiabatic lapse rate - ANSWERThe ratio between temperature decrease and
elevation
Orographic precipitation steps - ANSWER1) Air moves up mountain
2) Starts cooling at 1C/100m (dry), continues rising and condenses
3) Continues cooling at 0.6C/100m (wet)
4) May rain
5) Moves over mountain and starts moving down → warms up at 0.6C/100m
6) Condensation stops → warms up at 1C/100m
7) Cooler on windward side than leeward side
Raindrop formation - ANSWERWater molecules attach to cloud condensation
nuclei, drops collide with each other and grow, when they become heavy
enough they fall as precipitation
Isohyet map - ANSWERContour lines of equal rainfall depth
Hyetography - ANSWERThe distribution of rainfall over time
