General Pathology Final Exam, Key Concepts
Questions and Complete Answers Graded A+
acute pyogenic infections - ANSWERwill have more WBCs, mainly neutrophils
or PMNs => leukocytosis or in this case neutrophil leukocytosis
left shift (talking about leukocytosis) - ANSWERincreased number of
immature neutrophils having few lobes, results from rapid outpouring from
marrow in response to acute need before cellular growth and differentiation
is complete
pneumococci - ANSWERpulmonary infections, bacterial lobar pneumonia,
otitis media, infections of mastoids, heart valves, joints
hemophilus influenza - ANSWERimportant in kids, causes a common form of
meningitis in kids, otitis media, tonsilitis, sinusitis, pneumonia
meningococci - ANSWERmost common form of meningitis, meningococcal
nasopharyngitis usually preceds meningitis because is portal of entry, otitis
media, pericarditis, endocarditis, arthritis
gonococci - ANSWERcopious purulent exudates involving mucosa of male and
female genitalia, in females PID, in males secondary infection of prostate,
seminal vesicles, epididymis, in both spread of infection to joints, heart,
kidneys, meninges
, typhoid fever - ANSWERcaused by Salmonella typhosa, will see ulcerations of
small intestine, systemic reticulendothelial hyperplasia, initially in Peyer's
patches, then spreads to reticulendothelial system of spleen, liver, nodes
typhoid nodules of plump reticulendothelial cells with phagocytized blood,
bacteria, debris, accumulations of lymphocytes and plasma cells
cholera - ANSWERcaused by Vibrio cholerae, will have severe vomiting,
cramps, rice water stool, dehydration, anuria, metabolic acidosis,
hypovolemic shock
will stay in lumen of bowel and elaborate enterotoxin that penetrates intact
mucosal epithelial layer, acts on G-proteins within intestinal epithelial lining
cells => causes fluid/electrolyte transport defect => outpouring of fluids and
thus diarrhea and dehydration
syphilitic reagin - ANSWERantibody is in the serum 1-4months from infection,
this test is not really all that specific though, may result in false positive
treponemal pallidum immobilizing antibody - ANSWERantibody in serum 1-
4months from infection, more reliable test
FTA test - ANSWERspecific fluorescent treponemal antibody test,
diagnostically reliable
VDRL test - ANSWERblood test for syphilis that detects presence of antibody
in bloodstream
syphilis infection - ANSWERorganism enters body => focal infection occurs =>
migrates to regional lymphatics => lymphadenopathy => within 24hrs,
organisms have entered circulatory system resulting in spirochetema => may
Questions and Complete Answers Graded A+
acute pyogenic infections - ANSWERwill have more WBCs, mainly neutrophils
or PMNs => leukocytosis or in this case neutrophil leukocytosis
left shift (talking about leukocytosis) - ANSWERincreased number of
immature neutrophils having few lobes, results from rapid outpouring from
marrow in response to acute need before cellular growth and differentiation
is complete
pneumococci - ANSWERpulmonary infections, bacterial lobar pneumonia,
otitis media, infections of mastoids, heart valves, joints
hemophilus influenza - ANSWERimportant in kids, causes a common form of
meningitis in kids, otitis media, tonsilitis, sinusitis, pneumonia
meningococci - ANSWERmost common form of meningitis, meningococcal
nasopharyngitis usually preceds meningitis because is portal of entry, otitis
media, pericarditis, endocarditis, arthritis
gonococci - ANSWERcopious purulent exudates involving mucosa of male and
female genitalia, in females PID, in males secondary infection of prostate,
seminal vesicles, epididymis, in both spread of infection to joints, heart,
kidneys, meninges
, typhoid fever - ANSWERcaused by Salmonella typhosa, will see ulcerations of
small intestine, systemic reticulendothelial hyperplasia, initially in Peyer's
patches, then spreads to reticulendothelial system of spleen, liver, nodes
typhoid nodules of plump reticulendothelial cells with phagocytized blood,
bacteria, debris, accumulations of lymphocytes and plasma cells
cholera - ANSWERcaused by Vibrio cholerae, will have severe vomiting,
cramps, rice water stool, dehydration, anuria, metabolic acidosis,
hypovolemic shock
will stay in lumen of bowel and elaborate enterotoxin that penetrates intact
mucosal epithelial layer, acts on G-proteins within intestinal epithelial lining
cells => causes fluid/electrolyte transport defect => outpouring of fluids and
thus diarrhea and dehydration
syphilitic reagin - ANSWERantibody is in the serum 1-4months from infection,
this test is not really all that specific though, may result in false positive
treponemal pallidum immobilizing antibody - ANSWERantibody in serum 1-
4months from infection, more reliable test
FTA test - ANSWERspecific fluorescent treponemal antibody test,
diagnostically reliable
VDRL test - ANSWERblood test for syphilis that detects presence of antibody
in bloodstream
syphilis infection - ANSWERorganism enters body => focal infection occurs =>
migrates to regional lymphatics => lymphadenopathy => within 24hrs,
organisms have entered circulatory system resulting in spirochetema => may
