PNH 301 TEST 2 | QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the nervous system?
A. Transport of nutrients
B. Coordination of body activities
C. Production of hormones
D. Filtration of blood
Answer: B – The nervous system coordinates and controls body activities by
transmitting signals between different body parts.
2. What is the main component of plasma?
A. Red blood cells
B. Water
C. Platelets
D. Haemoglobin
Answer: B – Plasma is about 90% water, serving as the medium for transporting
nutrients, hormones, and waste.
3. Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils
Answer: B – Lymphocytes, specifically B cells, produce antibodies to fight infections.
4. The SA node in the heart is responsible for:
A. Pumping blood to the lungs
B. Initiating the heartbeat
C. Controlling blood pressure
D. Preventing backflow of blood
Answer: B – The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses that initiate the
heartbeat.
5. Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B6
Answer: C – Vitamin D is fat-soluble and stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
6. Osmosis is the movement of water:
A. From low to high solute concentration
, B. From high to low solute concentration
C. Against the concentration gradient
D. In response to temperature changes
Answer: A – Water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from low to high
solute concentration.
7. Which organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Adrenal gland
Answer: B – The pancreas contains beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that secrete
insulin.
8. The normal adult heart rate at rest is approximately:
A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–120 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
Answer: B – The normal resting heart rate in adults ranges from 60–100 beats per
minute.
9. Hemoglobin carries:
A. Carbon dioxide only
B. Oxygen only
C. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Hormones
Answer: C – Hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, but it also transports some
carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.
10. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
A. Epiglottis
B. Larynx
C. Pharynx
D. Uvula
Answer: A – The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent
aspiration.
11. The primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B – The small intestine, especially the jejunum and ileum, absorbs most
nutrients.
,12. Red blood cells are formed in the:
A. Liver
B. Bone marrow
C. Spleen
D. Kidney
Answer: B – Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow through a process
called erythropoiesis.
13. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Adrenaline
D. Cortisol
Answer: B – Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by acting on bones,
kidneys, and intestines.
14. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement?
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Pivot
D. Gliding
Answer: B – Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow movement in
multiple planes.
15. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A – The nephron filters blood and forms urine, making it the kidney's
functional unit.
16. Platelets are essential for:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Blood clotting
C. Fighting infection
D. Hormone transport
Answer: B – Platelets (thrombocytes) play a key role in hemostasis by forming blood
clots.
17. The largest artery in the human body is the:
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Aorta
C. Carotid artery
D. Femoral artery
, Answer: B – The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of
the body.
18. Which of the following is a passive transport process?
A. Endocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: B – Diffusion is a passive process that moves substances from high to low
concentration without energy.
19. The primary function of the lymphatic system is:
A. Transport oxygen
B. Maintain fluid balance and immunity
C. Digest fats
D. Filter blood sugar
Answer: B – The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance and plays a critical
role in immune defense.
20. The medulla oblongata is responsible for:
A. Thinking and memory
B. Heart rate and respiration control
C. Vision processing
D. Balance and coordination
Answer: B – The medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions like heartbeat
and breathing.
21. Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
Answer: D – Type O negative blood can be given to patients of any blood type in
emergencies.
22. The cornea is part of which organ?
A. Ear
B. Eye
C. Nose
D. Skin
Answer: B – The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that helps focus light.
23. Which hormone is released in response to stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the nervous system?
A. Transport of nutrients
B. Coordination of body activities
C. Production of hormones
D. Filtration of blood
Answer: B – The nervous system coordinates and controls body activities by
transmitting signals between different body parts.
2. What is the main component of plasma?
A. Red blood cells
B. Water
C. Platelets
D. Haemoglobin
Answer: B – Plasma is about 90% water, serving as the medium for transporting
nutrients, hormones, and waste.
3. Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils
Answer: B – Lymphocytes, specifically B cells, produce antibodies to fight infections.
4. The SA node in the heart is responsible for:
A. Pumping blood to the lungs
B. Initiating the heartbeat
C. Controlling blood pressure
D. Preventing backflow of blood
Answer: B – The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses that initiate the
heartbeat.
5. Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B6
Answer: C – Vitamin D is fat-soluble and stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
6. Osmosis is the movement of water:
A. From low to high solute concentration
, B. From high to low solute concentration
C. Against the concentration gradient
D. In response to temperature changes
Answer: A – Water moves through a semi-permeable membrane from low to high
solute concentration.
7. Which organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Adrenal gland
Answer: B – The pancreas contains beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that secrete
insulin.
8. The normal adult heart rate at rest is approximately:
A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–120 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
Answer: B – The normal resting heart rate in adults ranges from 60–100 beats per
minute.
9. Hemoglobin carries:
A. Carbon dioxide only
B. Oxygen only
C. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Hormones
Answer: C – Hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, but it also transports some
carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.
10. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
A. Epiglottis
B. Larynx
C. Pharynx
D. Uvula
Answer: A – The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent
aspiration.
11. The primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B – The small intestine, especially the jejunum and ileum, absorbs most
nutrients.
,12. Red blood cells are formed in the:
A. Liver
B. Bone marrow
C. Spleen
D. Kidney
Answer: B – Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow through a process
called erythropoiesis.
13. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Adrenaline
D. Cortisol
Answer: B – Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by acting on bones,
kidneys, and intestines.
14. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement?
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Pivot
D. Gliding
Answer: B – Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow movement in
multiple planes.
15. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A – The nephron filters blood and forms urine, making it the kidney's
functional unit.
16. Platelets are essential for:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Blood clotting
C. Fighting infection
D. Hormone transport
Answer: B – Platelets (thrombocytes) play a key role in hemostasis by forming blood
clots.
17. The largest artery in the human body is the:
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Aorta
C. Carotid artery
D. Femoral artery
, Answer: B – The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of
the body.
18. Which of the following is a passive transport process?
A. Endocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: B – Diffusion is a passive process that moves substances from high to low
concentration without energy.
19. The primary function of the lymphatic system is:
A. Transport oxygen
B. Maintain fluid balance and immunity
C. Digest fats
D. Filter blood sugar
Answer: B – The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance and plays a critical
role in immune defense.
20. The medulla oblongata is responsible for:
A. Thinking and memory
B. Heart rate and respiration control
C. Vision processing
D. Balance and coordination
Answer: B – The medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions like heartbeat
and breathing.
21. Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
Answer: D – Type O negative blood can be given to patients of any blood type in
emergencies.
22. The cornea is part of which organ?
A. Ear
B. Eye
C. Nose
D. Skin
Answer: B – The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that helps focus light.
23. Which hormone is released in response to stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine
