PNH 301 – Test 2 Study Guide and Practice Questions
140/90 mmHg - ANS✔✔ What is high blood pressure?
elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease - ANS✔✔ Primary HTN
high BP due to underlying pathophysiology (disease/disorder) - ANS✔✔ Secondary HTN
- kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing) - ANS✔✔ Diseases/Disorders that
Contribute to HTN
- urinalysis
- blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG - ANS✔✔ Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if there's an underlying cause)
- coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
,- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities - ANS✔✔ Complications of HTN
- prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous
people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men - ANS✔✔ Prevalence of HTN in specific
groups
- fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea - ANS✔✔ Secondary Symptoms of HTN
- nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management - ANS✔✔ Lifestyle Modifications (HTN)
- achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
, - menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition - ANS✔✔ Goals of HTN Management
- loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion - ANS✔✔ Age- Related
Considerations (HTN)
- severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have failed to adhere to their medication
regimen or who have been under medicated
(180/120) - ANS✔✔ What is a hypertensive crisis?
- encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm - ANS✔✔ Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations
- IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
140/90 mmHg - ANS✔✔ What is high blood pressure?
elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease - ANS✔✔ Primary HTN
high BP due to underlying pathophysiology (disease/disorder) - ANS✔✔ Secondary HTN
- kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing) - ANS✔✔ Diseases/Disorders that
Contribute to HTN
- urinalysis
- blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG - ANS✔✔ Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if there's an underlying cause)
- coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
,- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities - ANS✔✔ Complications of HTN
- prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous
people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men - ANS✔✔ Prevalence of HTN in specific
groups
- fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea - ANS✔✔ Secondary Symptoms of HTN
- nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management - ANS✔✔ Lifestyle Modifications (HTN)
- achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
, - menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition - ANS✔✔ Goals of HTN Management
- loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion - ANS✔✔ Age- Related
Considerations (HTN)
- severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have failed to adhere to their medication
regimen or who have been under medicated
(180/120) - ANS✔✔ What is a hypertensive crisis?
- encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm - ANS✔✔ Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations
- IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
